NCLEX NGN RN ACTUAL EXAM TESTBANK . 100 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND DETAILED ANSWERS. A+ GRADED.

NCLEX NGN RN ACTUAL EXAM TESTBANK . 100 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND DETAILED ANSWERS. A+ GRADED. A medic examines an oral temperature for an adult client. The client's temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F). What term would the medic use to report this temperature? a. Febrile b. Hypothermia c. Hypertension d. Afebrile - CORRECT>>>d. Afebrile means without fever. This temperature is within the normal range for an adult. Fever (pyrexia) is an elevation of body temperature; a person with fever is said to be febrile. Hypothermia is a low body temperature and hyperthermia is a high body temperature. A medic administers a dose of an oral medication for hypertension to a client who immediately vomits after swallowing the pill. What would be the appropriate initial action of the medic in this situation? a. Readminister the medication and notify the primary care provider. b. Readminister the pill in a liquid form if possible. c. Assess the vomit, looking for the pill. d. Notify the primary care provider. - CORRECT>>>c. If a client vomits immediately after swallowing an oral pill, the medic should assess the vomit for the pill or fragments of it. The medic should then notify the primary care provider to see if another dosage should be administered. A medic is administering an oral medication to a client via a gastric tube. The medic observes the medication enter the tube, and then the tube becomes clogged. What would be the appropriate initial action of the medic in this situation? a. Attempt to dislodge the medication with a 10-mL syringe. b. Notify the primary care provider. c. Remove the tube and replace it with another tube. d. Flush the tube with 60 mL of water. - CORRECT>>>a. If medication becomes clogged in a gastric tube, the medic should attach a 10-mL syringe on the end of the tube and pull back and lightly apply pressure to the plunger in a repetitive motion to attempt to dislodge the medication. If the medication does not move through the tube, the medic should notify the primary care provider, who may request the tube be replaced. A medic who is administering medications to clients in an acute care setting studies the pharmacokinetics of the drugs being administered. Which statements accurately describe these mechanisms of action? Select all that apply. a. Distribution occurs after a drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream and is made available to body fluids and tissues. b. Metabolism is the process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream. c. Absorption is the change of a drug from its original form to a new form, usually occurring in the liver. d. During first-pass effect, drugs move from the intestinal lumen to the liver by way of the portal vein instead of going into the system's circulation. e. The gastrointestinal tract, as well as sweat, salivary, and mammary glands, are routes of drug absorption. f. Excretion is the process of removing a drug, or its metabolites (products of metabolis - CORRECT>>>a, d, f. Distribution occurs after a drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream and the drug is distributed throughout the body, becoming available to body fluids and body tissues. Some drugs move from the intestinal lumen to the liver by way of the portal vein and do not go directly into the systemic circulation following oral absorption. This is called the first-pass effect, or hepatic first pass. Excretion is the process of removing a drug or its metabolites (products of metabolism) from the body. Absorption is the process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream. Metabolism, or biotransformation, is the change of a drug from its original form to a new form. The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism. The gastrointestinal tract, as well as sweat, salivary, and mammary glands, are routes of drug excretion. A medic is reconstituting powdered medication in a vial. Which action is a recommended step in this process? a. The medic draws up the proper amount of powered medication into the syringe. b. The medic inserts the needle through the rubber stopper of the diluent vial. c. The medic gently agitates the powdered medication vial to mix the powder and diluent completely. d. The medic draws up the prescribed amount of medication while holding the syringe horizontally at eye level. - CORRECT>>>c. When reconstituting powdered medication in a vial, the medic should draw up the appropriate amount of diluent into the syringe, insert the needle through the center of the self-sealing stopper on the powdered medication vial, inject the diluent into the powdered medication vial, remove the needle from the vial and replace the cap, and gently agitate the vial to mix the powdered medication and diluent completely. The medic should then draw up the prescribed amount of medication while holding the syringe vertically and at eye level. A medication order reads: "K-Dur, 20 mEq po b.i.d." When and how does the medic correctly give this drug? a. Daily at bedtime by subcutaneous route b. Every other day by mouth c. Twice a day by the oral route d. Once a week by transdermal patch - CORRECT>>>c. The abbreviation "b.i.d." refers to twice-a-day administration. po (by mouth) refers to administration by the oral route. A medic is preparing medications for clients in the ICU. The medic is aware that there are client variables that may affect the absorption of these medications. Which statements accurately describe these variables? Select all that apply. a. Clients in certain ethnic groups obtain therapeutic responses at lower doses or higher doses than those usually prescribed. b. Some people experience the same response with a placebo as with the active drug used in studies. c. People with liver disease metabolize drugs more quickly than people with normal liver functioning. d. A client who receives a pain medication in a noisy environment may not receive full benefit from the medication's effects. e. Oral medications should not be given with food as the food may delay the absorption of the medications. f. Circadian rhythms and cycles may influence drug action. - CORRECT>>>a, b, d, f. Medics need to know about medications that may produce varied responses in clients from different ethnic groups. The client's expectations of the medication may affect the response to the medication, for example, when a placebo is given and a client has a therapeutic effect. The client's environment may also influence the client's response to medications, for example, sensory deprivation and overload may affect drug responses. Circadian rhythms and cycles may also influence drug action. The liver is the primary organ for drug breakdown, thus pathologic conditions that involve the liver may slow metabolism and alter the dosage of the drug needed to reach a therapeutic level. The presence of food in the stomach can delay the absorption of orally administered medications. Alternately, some medications should be given with food to prevent gastric irritation, and the medic should consider this when establishing a client's medication schedule. Other medications may have enhanced absorption if taken with certain foods.