Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters

TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All
Chapters/Complete Guide 2024-2025

,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE TV




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C TV




Reasoning:-
>>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances fr
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om their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
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TV cellular metabolic absorption. TV TV




PTS: T V T V 1 REF: PG 2 T V TV




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome T V T V




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C TV




Reasoning:-
>>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
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RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
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not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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PTS: T V T V 1 REF: PG 2 T V TV




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd Tr oBg. CenOM
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n to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes T V




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B TV




Reasoning:-
>>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxyg TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV




en to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that pr
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oduces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates
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or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secrete
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d into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore comp
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, lexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and con
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tain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in protei
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ns, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme pr
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oduction.

PTS: T V T V 1 REF: PG 8 T V TV




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
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cell injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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b. Golgi complex TV
d. Lysosomes
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-D TV

, Reasoning:-
>>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful diges
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tive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage into the c
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ytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injur
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y leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
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substrates, causing cellular self- TV TV TV




digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: T V T V 1 REF: PGs 7-8 T V TV




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pan
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creas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to t
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he ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the c
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ell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the l
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ysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
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cell membrane. TV




c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to t
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he ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell mem
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brane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membra
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ne.

ACCURATE ANSWER:-A TV




Reasoning:-
>>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the rib
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osome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. T
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he other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: T V T V 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5 T V TV TV TV TV




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M T V




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B TV




Reasoning:-
>>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
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is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the
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