UNMC Patho 2 Exam 3: Questions With Expert
Solutions
Etiologies of Guillian Barre Right Ans - Possibly triggered by a virus or
bacterial infection
What is often seen after URI, GI infection, or mono? Right Ans - Guillian
Barre
Sensory and motor (but mainly motor) disorder that is acute and reversible
(most of the time) Right Ans - Guillian barre
Patho of guillian barre Right Ans - Inflammation
Demyelination
Axon destruction
Sensory and motor dysfunction
Where symptoms start in Guillian barre Right Ans - First starts toe to head
Then goes from head to toe
Clinical manifestations of guillian barre Right Ans - Paralysis of respiratory
muscles: decreased TV, hypoxia, gag reflex, cough
Can last a few weeks to a few months
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Right Ans - Chronic and irreversible
degenerative neurologic disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and
brainstem
Etiology of ALS Right Ans - Unknown but could be: familial, environmental,
genetic factor, auto immune, viral, serum immune complexes= elevated
Pathophysiology of ALS Right Ans - No inflammation
Has degeneration
Decreased number of neurons
Degeneration/ demyelination
Sclerosis (scarring)
Damage= impulses don't get through
,Clinical manifestations of ALS Right Ans - Starts with vague/ generalized
s/s and steadily declines
Weakness/ clumsiness
Decreased motor function
No sensory changes
Respiratory failure
Death
Alzheimer's disease Right Ans - a progressive and irreversible brain
disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning,
language, and, finally, physical functioning
Pathophysiology of AD Right Ans - Senile plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
brain atrophy
Decreased transmission of impulses
Theories of causation of AD Right Ans - genetics
slow virus
environmental toxins
defective immune system
defects in brain chemistry
Parkinson's Disease Right Ans - A chronic, degenerative, progressive CNS
movement disorder
-disease of the basal ganglia
Basal ganglia Right Ans - Pigmented neurons that produce dopamine
Depletion of dopamine Right Ans - Acetylcholine becomes dominant and
muscle contraction and rigidty occur due to the overexcitement
Etiology of parkinson's disease Right Ans - Unknown/ idiopathic= most
common
Arteriosclerotic
Postencephalitic
Drug influenced
Toxic
Traumatic
, Clinical manifestations of parkinson's disease Right Ans - All R/T
decreased dopamine
Early: fatigue, malaise, personality changes
Hypertonia
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
Mask like, drooling
Myasthenia Gravis Right Ans - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects
the neuromuscular junction and depletes acetylcholine receptors
Etiologies of Myasthenia Gravis Right Ans - Auto immune disease
IgG antibodies destroying acetylcholine receptors
Decreased receptor sites
Pathophysiology of Myasthenia Gravis Right Ans - Decreased transmission
of impulses
Little/no muscle depolarization
Little/no muscle contraction
Clinical manifestations of mysasthenia gravis Right Ans - Insidious onset:
Fatigue r/t exercise or stress
Diplopia, ptosis
Trouble chewing/ swallowing
Dysphagia and atelectasis
Multiple sclerosis Right Ans - Chronic and progressive autoimmune
disorder that attacks the proteins in the myelin sheath causing a short circuit
of the nervous system
-sensory and motor tracts affected
Pathophysiology of MS Right Ans - demyelination
inflammation
Scarring
Interruption of impulses
Solutions
Etiologies of Guillian Barre Right Ans - Possibly triggered by a virus or
bacterial infection
What is often seen after URI, GI infection, or mono? Right Ans - Guillian
Barre
Sensory and motor (but mainly motor) disorder that is acute and reversible
(most of the time) Right Ans - Guillian barre
Patho of guillian barre Right Ans - Inflammation
Demyelination
Axon destruction
Sensory and motor dysfunction
Where symptoms start in Guillian barre Right Ans - First starts toe to head
Then goes from head to toe
Clinical manifestations of guillian barre Right Ans - Paralysis of respiratory
muscles: decreased TV, hypoxia, gag reflex, cough
Can last a few weeks to a few months
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Right Ans - Chronic and irreversible
degenerative neurologic disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and
brainstem
Etiology of ALS Right Ans - Unknown but could be: familial, environmental,
genetic factor, auto immune, viral, serum immune complexes= elevated
Pathophysiology of ALS Right Ans - No inflammation
Has degeneration
Decreased number of neurons
Degeneration/ demyelination
Sclerosis (scarring)
Damage= impulses don't get through
,Clinical manifestations of ALS Right Ans - Starts with vague/ generalized
s/s and steadily declines
Weakness/ clumsiness
Decreased motor function
No sensory changes
Respiratory failure
Death
Alzheimer's disease Right Ans - a progressive and irreversible brain
disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning,
language, and, finally, physical functioning
Pathophysiology of AD Right Ans - Senile plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
brain atrophy
Decreased transmission of impulses
Theories of causation of AD Right Ans - genetics
slow virus
environmental toxins
defective immune system
defects in brain chemistry
Parkinson's Disease Right Ans - A chronic, degenerative, progressive CNS
movement disorder
-disease of the basal ganglia
Basal ganglia Right Ans - Pigmented neurons that produce dopamine
Depletion of dopamine Right Ans - Acetylcholine becomes dominant and
muscle contraction and rigidty occur due to the overexcitement
Etiology of parkinson's disease Right Ans - Unknown/ idiopathic= most
common
Arteriosclerotic
Postencephalitic
Drug influenced
Toxic
Traumatic
, Clinical manifestations of parkinson's disease Right Ans - All R/T
decreased dopamine
Early: fatigue, malaise, personality changes
Hypertonia
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
Mask like, drooling
Myasthenia Gravis Right Ans - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects
the neuromuscular junction and depletes acetylcholine receptors
Etiologies of Myasthenia Gravis Right Ans - Auto immune disease
IgG antibodies destroying acetylcholine receptors
Decreased receptor sites
Pathophysiology of Myasthenia Gravis Right Ans - Decreased transmission
of impulses
Little/no muscle depolarization
Little/no muscle contraction
Clinical manifestations of mysasthenia gravis Right Ans - Insidious onset:
Fatigue r/t exercise or stress
Diplopia, ptosis
Trouble chewing/ swallowing
Dysphagia and atelectasis
Multiple sclerosis Right Ans - Chronic and progressive autoimmune
disorder that attacks the proteins in the myelin sheath causing a short circuit
of the nervous system
-sensory and motor tracts affected
Pathophysiology of MS Right Ans - demyelination
inflammation
Scarring
Interruption of impulses
