Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters

TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
2024-2025

,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
JC JC JC




MULTIPLE CHOICE JC




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-CJC




Reasoning:-
>>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substanc
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es from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descri
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ptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: J C J C 1 REF: PG 2 J C JC




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome J C J C




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C JC




Reasoning:-
>>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed large
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ly of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other option
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s do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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PTS: J C J C 1 REF: PG 2 J C JC




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd Tr oBg. CenO M
JC peroxide (H2O2) by using o
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xygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative rea
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ction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-B JC




Reasoning:-
>>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use o JC JC JC JC JC JC JC JC JC JC JC




xygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reactio
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n that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
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, accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secr
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eted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear por
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e complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi comp
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lex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze
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bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are in
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volved in enzyme production.
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PTS: J C J C 1 REF: PG 8 J C JC




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released du
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ring cell injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum JC JC



b. Golgi complex JC d. Lysosomes
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-D JC

, Reasoning:-
>>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful d
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igestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage i
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nto the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or
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cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
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with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: J C J C 1 REF: PGs 7-8 J C JC




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
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pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
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to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle t
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o the cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to t
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he lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membran
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e to the cell membrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds t
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o the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cel
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l membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
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the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
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membrane.

ACCURATE ANSWER:-A JC




Reasoning:-
>>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell memb
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rane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: J C J C 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M J C




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B JC




Reasoning:-
>>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap),
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which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synth
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