Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition full test bank solution

Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test
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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test vv vv vv vv vv



Chapter 01: Cellular
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE vv




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
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DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosomevv vv vv



b. A nucleus vv



c. Free-floating nuclear material vv vv



d. No organelles vv




ANS: v v B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
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nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
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prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
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REF: v v v v p. 2 vv




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the
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nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients
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to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption vv



b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
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The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
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involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
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secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
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REF: v v v v p. 2 vv




3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
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most of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm vv




ANS: v v C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
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ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
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located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration,
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while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling
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that is a component of the cell.
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REF: v v v v p. 2 vv




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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test vv vv vv vv vv



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4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving
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the layer itself?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins vv vv



b. Integral membrane proteins vv vv



c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules vv vv




ANS: v v B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
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membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
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surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
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marks cells and does not float.
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REF: v v v v p. 7 vv




5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids vv



d. Ligands
ANS: v v D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
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REF: v v v v p. 9 vv




6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in
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the extracellular matrix would sUuN
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metastatic cancer?
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a. Decreased fibronectin vv



b. Increased collagen vv



c. Decreased elastin vv



d. Increased glycoproteins vv




ANS: v v A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
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them to travel or metastasize.
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REF: v v v v p. 10 vv




7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
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a. Cell junction vv



b. Gap junction vv



c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction vv




ANS: v v A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
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Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
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junctions are associated with cellular communication.
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REF: v v v v p. 11 vv




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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test vv vv vv vv vv



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8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
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neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling
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types?
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a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: v v A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken
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up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion
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of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local
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chemical mediator like insulin.
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REF: v v v v p. 12 vv




9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
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a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: v v B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product
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of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an
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enzyme and any of the remaining options.
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REF: v v v v p.
16
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10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.
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The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the
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knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
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a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: v v C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
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involved in muscle contraction.
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REF: v v v v p. 16 vv




11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
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a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle vv vv




ANS: v v D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
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generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
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