Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
Chapter 1 . THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
PRACTICE
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin.
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
numbers ?
Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
,D) Platelets
4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the Initial step
in the process?
Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing
Antigen margination
D) Recognition and adherence
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
permeability and pain?
Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of
inflammation and includes:
fever and lethargy.
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
, C) positive nitrogen balance.
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
which of the following phenomena?
Profuse fibrinous exudation
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
stabilize thermal control in the brain.
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
C) block viral replication in cells.
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while
attempted to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute
inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following
events will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
experiencing chronic inflammation?
A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
, B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
35.9C (96.6F)
B) 38.OC (100.4F)
C) 35.5C (95.9F)
D) 37.3C (99.1F)
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to be
initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles
D) Decreased urine production
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a draft
in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she sits in
her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most likely
the primary cause of her request?
Evaporation and conduction
B) Radiation and convection
C) Conduction and convection
D) Convection and evaporation
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
Chapter 1 . THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
PRACTICE
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin.
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
numbers ?
Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
,D) Platelets
4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the Initial step
in the process?
Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing
Antigen margination
D) Recognition and adherence
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
permeability and pain?
Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of
inflammation and includes:
fever and lethargy.
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
, C) positive nitrogen balance.
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
which of the following phenomena?
Profuse fibrinous exudation
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
stabilize thermal control in the brain.
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
C) block viral replication in cells.
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while
attempted to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute
inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following
events will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
experiencing chronic inflammation?
A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
, B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
35.9C (96.6F)
B) 38.OC (100.4F)
C) 35.5C (95.9F)
D) 37.3C (99.1F)
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to be
initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles
D) Decreased urine production
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a draft
in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she sits in
her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most likely
the primary cause of her request?
Evaporation and conduction
B) Radiation and convection
C) Conduction and convection
D) Convection and evaporation
