boll weevil - ANSWER This routinely killed half of the cotton crop from Texas to Georgia
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Natural selection - O O
ANSWER the differential success (survival & reproduction) of individuals within the population t
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
hat results from their interaction with their environment
O O O O O O O
3 conditions of evolution by natural selection -
O O O O O O O
OANSWER 1) Variation among individuals of heritable characteristics; must be able to pass on trai
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
t
2) Inheritance of that variation to offspring
O O O O O O
3) The variation results in differences among individuals in fitness; i.e., differences in survival an
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
d reproductive success of parent
O O O O
Allee effect - ANSWER reduction in reproduction or survival of a species when at low-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
population densities O
Integrated Pest Management - O O O
OANSWER The effective combination of three types of pest control to manage pest populations
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
while minimizing environmental damage
O O O
O Do not need to totally eradicate pest populations...
O O O O O O O
O Combing ecological, biological, & chemical methods
O O O O O
Biological pest control - ANSWER Using natural predators and parasites to manage pests
O O O O O O O O O O O O
Food accounts for ___ our ecological footprint (less in less developed countries) - ANSWER ~25%
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
,How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize environmental impacts? -
O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Use short-lived pesticides
O O O O
O Use pesticides that target only certain species
O O O O O O
Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time and place to use chemicals (which may b
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
e never)
O
Forms of hydrocarbons (3): - ANSWER crude oil (liquid)
O O O O O O O O
natural gas (gas) O O
coal (solid)O
The formation of oil is caused by: -
O O O O O O O
ANSWER photosynthesis in the oceans, dead marine organic matter sinking, and anaerobic con
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ditions (anoxic) (aka lack of oxygen)
O O O O O
The process of forming oil.... - ANSWER 1) sediments bury organic matter
O O O O O O O O O O O
2) non-porous layers of rock or salt form "trap"
O O O O O O O O
3) pressure & heat (millions of years)
O O O O O O
Where is 1/2 of the 1.7 trillion barrels of global proven reserves? - ANSWER Middle East
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
The US houses ___% of the 1 trillion barrels of oil. - ANSWER 4%
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
varying costs of extraction of oil? - ANSWER $10 / barrel (Middle East)
O O O O O O O O O O O O
~ $36 / barrel (continental U.S.)
O O O O O O
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil had considerably lower economic costs
O O O O O O O O O
What was the dominant form of energy until 1800's? - ANSWER Coal
O O O O O O O O O O O
, Where was the first commercial well located in 1859? - ANSWER Titusville, PA
O O O O O O O O O O O O
When did crude oil become dominant? - ANSWER 1951
O O O O O O O O
When can we expect peak global production? -
O O O O O O O
ANSWER Nobody knows when, but it WILL happen.
O O O O O O O O
Hubbert Curve - ANSWER M. King Hubbert (1950's) proposed oil exploitation follows a bell-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
shaped curve. Predicted peak in 1970
O O O O O
Was Hubbert right? - ANSWER In 1970, the US continental peak happened
O O O O O O O O O O O
OPEC - O
ANSWER The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of 14 nations which c
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ollaboratively are largely responsible for global oil prices.
O O O O O O O
In 1970, what did OPEC do? - ANSWER They restrained production in order to get higher prices.
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
The oil embargo cut production ___% each month, and ____________exports to US. -
O O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER 5%, banned
O O O
The oil embargo spurred 5 things: - ANSWER -Trans-Alaskan Pipeline
O O O O O O O O O
-Strategic Petroleum Reserve O O
-Department of Energy (DOE) O O O
-national speed limit set at 55 mph O O O O O O
-cars to average 27.5 mpg by 1985
O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Natural selection - O O
ANSWER the differential success (survival & reproduction) of individuals within the population t
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
hat results from their interaction with their environment
O O O O O O O
3 conditions of evolution by natural selection -
O O O O O O O
OANSWER 1) Variation among individuals of heritable characteristics; must be able to pass on trai
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
t
2) Inheritance of that variation to offspring
O O O O O O
3) The variation results in differences among individuals in fitness; i.e., differences in survival an
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
d reproductive success of parent
O O O O
Allee effect - ANSWER reduction in reproduction or survival of a species when at low-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
population densities O
Integrated Pest Management - O O O
OANSWER The effective combination of three types of pest control to manage pest populations
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
while minimizing environmental damage
O O O
O Do not need to totally eradicate pest populations...
O O O O O O O
O Combing ecological, biological, & chemical methods
O O O O O
Biological pest control - ANSWER Using natural predators and parasites to manage pests
O O O O O O O O O O O O
Food accounts for ___ our ecological footprint (less in less developed countries) - ANSWER ~25%
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
,How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize environmental impacts? -
O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Use short-lived pesticides
O O O O
O Use pesticides that target only certain species
O O O O O O
Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time and place to use chemicals (which may b
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
e never)
O
Forms of hydrocarbons (3): - ANSWER crude oil (liquid)
O O O O O O O O
natural gas (gas) O O
coal (solid)O
The formation of oil is caused by: -
O O O O O O O
ANSWER photosynthesis in the oceans, dead marine organic matter sinking, and anaerobic con
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ditions (anoxic) (aka lack of oxygen)
O O O O O
The process of forming oil.... - ANSWER 1) sediments bury organic matter
O O O O O O O O O O O
2) non-porous layers of rock or salt form "trap"
O O O O O O O O
3) pressure & heat (millions of years)
O O O O O O
Where is 1/2 of the 1.7 trillion barrels of global proven reserves? - ANSWER Middle East
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
The US houses ___% of the 1 trillion barrels of oil. - ANSWER 4%
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
varying costs of extraction of oil? - ANSWER $10 / barrel (Middle East)
O O O O O O O O O O O O
~ $36 / barrel (continental U.S.)
O O O O O O
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil had considerably lower economic costs
O O O O O O O O O
What was the dominant form of energy until 1800's? - ANSWER Coal
O O O O O O O O O O O
, Where was the first commercial well located in 1859? - ANSWER Titusville, PA
O O O O O O O O O O O O
When did crude oil become dominant? - ANSWER 1951
O O O O O O O O
When can we expect peak global production? -
O O O O O O O
ANSWER Nobody knows when, but it WILL happen.
O O O O O O O O
Hubbert Curve - ANSWER M. King Hubbert (1950's) proposed oil exploitation follows a bell-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
shaped curve. Predicted peak in 1970
O O O O O
Was Hubbert right? - ANSWER In 1970, the US continental peak happened
O O O O O O O O O O O
OPEC - O
ANSWER The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of 14 nations which c
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ollaboratively are largely responsible for global oil prices.
O O O O O O O
In 1970, what did OPEC do? - ANSWER They restrained production in order to get higher prices.
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
The oil embargo cut production ___% each month, and ____________exports to US. -
O O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER 5%, banned
O O O
The oil embargo spurred 5 things: - ANSWER -Trans-Alaskan Pipeline
O O O O O O O O O
-Strategic Petroleum Reserve O O
-Department of Energy (DOE) O O O
-national speed limit set at 55 mph O O O O O O
-cars to average 27.5 mpg by 1985
O O O O O O
