WGU D467 EXPLORING DATA TEST BANK FOR OA
AND PRE -ASSESSMENT REVIEW 2025/2026 WITH
200 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) GRADED A+
In a data table, where are fields contained?
a) Rows
b) Columns
c) Favorites
d) Charts - Correct Answer - Columns
When using long data, each subject has data in multiple rows. This is because each row
represents what?
a) Data in different formats
b) True or false data points
c) One observation per subject
d) Multiple values - Correct Answer - One observation per subject
What strategy do data professionals use in order to ensure unbiased sampling?
a) Use random sampling during data collection
b) Write survey questions that encourage specific responses
c) Store data in a spreadsheet
d) Skew results in a certain direction - Correct Answer - Use random sampling
during data collection
Fill in the blank: Bias is a _____ preference in favor of or against a person, group of
people, or thing.
a) conscious or subconscious
b) sensible or insensible
pg. 1
, c) fair or unfair
d) standard or substandard - Correct Answer - conscious or subconscious
What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that
validates pre-existing beliefs?
a) Sampling bias
b) Confirmation bias
c) Observer bias
d) Interpretation bias - Correct Answer - Confirmation bias
Which of the following terms are also ways of describing observer bias? Select all that
apply.
a) Perception bias
b) Research bias
c) Spectator bias
d) Experimenter bias - Correct Answer - Research bias
Spectator bias
Experimenter bias
Fill in the blank: Data is considered _____ when it is accurate, complete, and unbiased
information that has been vetted and proven fit for use.
a) original
b) current
c) comprehensive
d) reliable - Correct Answer - reliable
Which of the following are usually good data sources? Select all that apply.
a) Vetted public datasets
b) Social media sites
c) Governmental agency data
d) Academic papers - Correct Answer - Vetted public datasets
Governmental agency data
Academic papers
pg. 2
,Which data ethics principle gives an individual the right to know why their data is
collected and how long it will be stored?
a) Consent
b) Anonymization
c) Credibility
d) Privacy - Correct Answer - Consent
A university surveys its student-athletes about their experience in college sports. The
survey only includes student-athletes with scholarships. What type of bias does this
scenario describe?
a) Sampling
b) Observer
c) Interpretation
d) Confirmation - Correct Answer - Sampling
Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of transaction transparency states that an
individual has the right to understand all of the _____ and algorithms used on their data.
a) free access
b) data-processing activities
c) raw data
d) financial transactions - Correct Answer - data-processing activities
A government agency allows any business, nonprofit, or citizen to access its databases
and reuse or redistribute the data. What type of data is described in this scenario?
a) Closed
b) Allowable
c) Free
d) Open - Correct Answer - Open
An investor with a background working in the tech industry interprets any pitch from a
tech startup as being more promising than others, even if the information is confusing
and ambiguous. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
a) Sampling
b) Interpretation
c) Observer
pg. 3
, d) Confirmation - Correct Answer - Interpretation
What is the process for arranging data into a meaningful order to make it easier to
understand, analyze, and visualize?
a) Filtering
b) Prioritizing
c) Reframing
d) Sorting - Correct Answer - Sorting
A data analyst is reviewing a national database of real estate sales. They are only
interested in sales of condominiums. How can the analyst narrow their scope?
a) Sort by condominium sales
b) Filter out non-condominium sales
c) Filter out condominium sales
d) Sort by non-condominium sales - Correct Answer - Filter out non-condominium
sales
A data analyst works for a rental car company. They have a spreadsheet that lists car ID
numbers and the dates cars were returned. How should they sort the spreadsheet to
find the most recently returned cars?
a) By return date, in ascending order
b) By return date, in descending order
c) By car numerical ID, in ascending order
d) By car numerical ID, in descending order - Correct Answer - By return date, in
descending order
A junior data analyst learns that the dataset they have been given is six years old. After
looking into this further, they also discover that the age of the data is making the
information irrelevant to their project. What good data source principle have they used
to evaluate the dataset?
a) Comprehensive
b) Original
c) Reliable
d) Current - Correct Answer - Reliable
pg. 4
AND PRE -ASSESSMENT REVIEW 2025/2026 WITH
200 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) GRADED A+
In a data table, where are fields contained?
a) Rows
b) Columns
c) Favorites
d) Charts - Correct Answer - Columns
When using long data, each subject has data in multiple rows. This is because each row
represents what?
a) Data in different formats
b) True or false data points
c) One observation per subject
d) Multiple values - Correct Answer - One observation per subject
What strategy do data professionals use in order to ensure unbiased sampling?
a) Use random sampling during data collection
b) Write survey questions that encourage specific responses
c) Store data in a spreadsheet
d) Skew results in a certain direction - Correct Answer - Use random sampling
during data collection
Fill in the blank: Bias is a _____ preference in favor of or against a person, group of
people, or thing.
a) conscious or subconscious
b) sensible or insensible
pg. 1
, c) fair or unfair
d) standard or substandard - Correct Answer - conscious or subconscious
What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that
validates pre-existing beliefs?
a) Sampling bias
b) Confirmation bias
c) Observer bias
d) Interpretation bias - Correct Answer - Confirmation bias
Which of the following terms are also ways of describing observer bias? Select all that
apply.
a) Perception bias
b) Research bias
c) Spectator bias
d) Experimenter bias - Correct Answer - Research bias
Spectator bias
Experimenter bias
Fill in the blank: Data is considered _____ when it is accurate, complete, and unbiased
information that has been vetted and proven fit for use.
a) original
b) current
c) comprehensive
d) reliable - Correct Answer - reliable
Which of the following are usually good data sources? Select all that apply.
a) Vetted public datasets
b) Social media sites
c) Governmental agency data
d) Academic papers - Correct Answer - Vetted public datasets
Governmental agency data
Academic papers
pg. 2
,Which data ethics principle gives an individual the right to know why their data is
collected and how long it will be stored?
a) Consent
b) Anonymization
c) Credibility
d) Privacy - Correct Answer - Consent
A university surveys its student-athletes about their experience in college sports. The
survey only includes student-athletes with scholarships. What type of bias does this
scenario describe?
a) Sampling
b) Observer
c) Interpretation
d) Confirmation - Correct Answer - Sampling
Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of transaction transparency states that an
individual has the right to understand all of the _____ and algorithms used on their data.
a) free access
b) data-processing activities
c) raw data
d) financial transactions - Correct Answer - data-processing activities
A government agency allows any business, nonprofit, or citizen to access its databases
and reuse or redistribute the data. What type of data is described in this scenario?
a) Closed
b) Allowable
c) Free
d) Open - Correct Answer - Open
An investor with a background working in the tech industry interprets any pitch from a
tech startup as being more promising than others, even if the information is confusing
and ambiguous. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
a) Sampling
b) Interpretation
c) Observer
pg. 3
, d) Confirmation - Correct Answer - Interpretation
What is the process for arranging data into a meaningful order to make it easier to
understand, analyze, and visualize?
a) Filtering
b) Prioritizing
c) Reframing
d) Sorting - Correct Answer - Sorting
A data analyst is reviewing a national database of real estate sales. They are only
interested in sales of condominiums. How can the analyst narrow their scope?
a) Sort by condominium sales
b) Filter out non-condominium sales
c) Filter out condominium sales
d) Sort by non-condominium sales - Correct Answer - Filter out non-condominium
sales
A data analyst works for a rental car company. They have a spreadsheet that lists car ID
numbers and the dates cars were returned. How should they sort the spreadsheet to
find the most recently returned cars?
a) By return date, in ascending order
b) By return date, in descending order
c) By car numerical ID, in ascending order
d) By car numerical ID, in descending order - Correct Answer - By return date, in
descending order
A junior data analyst learns that the dataset they have been given is six years old. After
looking into this further, they also discover that the age of the data is making the
information irrelevant to their project. What good data source principle have they used
to evaluate the dataset?
a) Comprehensive
b) Original
c) Reliable
d) Current - Correct Answer - Reliable
pg. 4
