ASIS FPSM| QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED
ANSWERS |ACTUAL EXAM 100%
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) proposes that: - ✔✔proper
design and
effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the opportunity, fear,
and incidence of
predatory stranger-to-stranger type crime, as well as result in an improvement of the
quality of life
(how and where we live, work, and play).
To provide maximum control, an environment is divided
into smaller: - ✔✔more clearly defined areas or zones, or what is known as
defensible space (Newman, 1972).
Crime prevention design solutions should be integrated into:: - ✔✔the design and
function of the buildings, or at least the location where they are being implemented.
CPTED relies on an awareness of how people use space for legitimate and illegitimate
purposes. The
approach uses:. - ✔✔design to discourage those who may be contemplating criminal
acts, and to encourage activity and witness potential by legitimate users
Underlying CPTED is the understanding that all human space: - ✔✔• Has some
designated purpose;
• Has social, cultural, legal, or physical definitions (such as expectations or regulations)
that
prescribe the desired and acceptable behaviors; and
• Is designed to support and control the desired and acceptable behaviors
,The CPTED approach focuses on: - ✔✔• Manipulating the physical environment to
produce behavioral effects that reduce the fear and
incidence of certain types of criminal acts;
• Understanding and modifying people's behavior in relation to their physical
environment;
• Redesigning space or using it differently to encourage desirable behaviors and
discourage
illegitimate activities; and
• Reducing the conflicts between incompatible building users and building uses, with
the goal of
eliminating "no persons land" that no one takes ownership of.
In general, there are three classifications to CPTED strategies: - ✔✔Mechanical
measures, Organizational measures, and Natural or Architectural measures.
Mechanical measures: - ✔✔This approach emphasizes the use of hardware and
technology systems such as locks, security screens on windows, fencing and gating, key
control systems, video
surveillance, and electronic access control (including biometrics and electronic visitor
management systems).
Organizational measures: - ✔✔Focus on policies and activities that encourage
observation, reporting and—where appropriate—intervention. This would include
education for individuals and groups of strategies they can take to protect themselves
and the space they occupy. It would also entail routine patrol and enforcement by
security, law enforcement, or others
Routine activity theory: - ✔✔suggests that a suitable guardian will prevent criminal
,activity from occurring. Criminals will generally avoid targets or victims when police,
security, door staff, neighbors, or others are in a position to observe and react.
Natural or Architectural measures: - ✔✔Designing of space to ensure the overall
environment
works more effectively for the intended users, while at the same time deterring crime. A
space will naturally have less opportunity for criminal activity when it is effectively used.
CPTED employs the following strategies to make a site less desirable for illegitimate
activity to develop or occur: - ✔✔Natural access control, Natural surveillance, Natural
territorial reinforcement/boundary definition, Management and maintenance,
Legitimate activity support, and Compartmentalization.
Natural access control: - ✔✔Employing physical and symbolic barriers to discourage
or prevent access or direct movement to specific access points. Doors, fences, and other
physical obstacles serve
to prevent opportunities for criminal access. Symbolic barriers—such as signage—
directs people to a particular route, and draws attention to those crossing the threshold.
For example, to deter intruders from entering lower-story windows—in addition to
locking devices, a choice can be made between electronic or administrative controls.
The decision should rest on the calculated/assumed risks associated with the particular
facility.
Natural surveillance: - ✔✔Increasing visibility, both interior-to-exterior and exterior-
to-interior, to increase witness potential, foster a sense of exposure to the criminal
element, and give advance
visibility to areas people are entering. This increases the feeling of safety to legitimate
users of a space and increases the risk of detection to criminals.
For instance, a loading dock area enclosed by a high concrete wall provides a
concealment opportunity for engaging in break and entry, vandalism, or assault.
Conversely, the use of chain-link fencing that allows for an unobstructed view of the
, area by workers, law enforcement, or the general public may discourage thieves and
aggressors.
Natural territorial reinforcement/boundary definition: - ✔✔Establishing a sense of
ownership by facility owners or building occupants to define territory to potential
aggressors and to assist legitimate occupants or users to increase vigilance in identifying
who belongs on the property and who does not. The theory holds that people will pay
more attention to and defend a particular space
or territory from trespass if they feel a form of "psychological ownership" in the area.
An example might be low edging shrubbery along pedestrian walkways in an apartment
complex. This marks the territory of individual buildings and discourages trespassers
from cutting through the area.
Management and maintenance: - ✔✔Maintaining spaces to look well-tended and
crime-free. The "broken windows" theory (Wilson & Kelling, 1982) suggests that an
abandoned building or car can remain unmolested indefinitely, but once the first
window is broken, the building or car is quickly vandalized.
Legitimate activity support: - ✔✔Engaging legitimate occupants, residents,
customers, or visitors in the desired or intended uses of the space. Criminal activity
thrives in spaces that occupants and desired users do not claim and that offer no
legitimate activities that can undermine or replace the criminal activities. CPTED
suggests adding enticements to draw legitimate users to a space, where they may in
effect crowd out undesirable illegitimate users of the space.
Compartmentalization is: - ✔✔One of the basic CPTED strategies is to design multiple
or concentric layers of security measures so that highly protected assets are behind
multiple barriers. These
layers of security strategies or elements start from the outer perimeter and move
inward to the area of the building with the greatest need for protection. Each layer is
designed to delay an attacker as much as possible. This strategy is also known as
protection-in-depth
ANSWERS |ACTUAL EXAM 100%
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) proposes that: - ✔✔proper
design and
effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the opportunity, fear,
and incidence of
predatory stranger-to-stranger type crime, as well as result in an improvement of the
quality of life
(how and where we live, work, and play).
To provide maximum control, an environment is divided
into smaller: - ✔✔more clearly defined areas or zones, or what is known as
defensible space (Newman, 1972).
Crime prevention design solutions should be integrated into:: - ✔✔the design and
function of the buildings, or at least the location where they are being implemented.
CPTED relies on an awareness of how people use space for legitimate and illegitimate
purposes. The
approach uses:. - ✔✔design to discourage those who may be contemplating criminal
acts, and to encourage activity and witness potential by legitimate users
Underlying CPTED is the understanding that all human space: - ✔✔• Has some
designated purpose;
• Has social, cultural, legal, or physical definitions (such as expectations or regulations)
that
prescribe the desired and acceptable behaviors; and
• Is designed to support and control the desired and acceptable behaviors
,The CPTED approach focuses on: - ✔✔• Manipulating the physical environment to
produce behavioral effects that reduce the fear and
incidence of certain types of criminal acts;
• Understanding and modifying people's behavior in relation to their physical
environment;
• Redesigning space or using it differently to encourage desirable behaviors and
discourage
illegitimate activities; and
• Reducing the conflicts between incompatible building users and building uses, with
the goal of
eliminating "no persons land" that no one takes ownership of.
In general, there are three classifications to CPTED strategies: - ✔✔Mechanical
measures, Organizational measures, and Natural or Architectural measures.
Mechanical measures: - ✔✔This approach emphasizes the use of hardware and
technology systems such as locks, security screens on windows, fencing and gating, key
control systems, video
surveillance, and electronic access control (including biometrics and electronic visitor
management systems).
Organizational measures: - ✔✔Focus on policies and activities that encourage
observation, reporting and—where appropriate—intervention. This would include
education for individuals and groups of strategies they can take to protect themselves
and the space they occupy. It would also entail routine patrol and enforcement by
security, law enforcement, or others
Routine activity theory: - ✔✔suggests that a suitable guardian will prevent criminal
,activity from occurring. Criminals will generally avoid targets or victims when police,
security, door staff, neighbors, or others are in a position to observe and react.
Natural or Architectural measures: - ✔✔Designing of space to ensure the overall
environment
works more effectively for the intended users, while at the same time deterring crime. A
space will naturally have less opportunity for criminal activity when it is effectively used.
CPTED employs the following strategies to make a site less desirable for illegitimate
activity to develop or occur: - ✔✔Natural access control, Natural surveillance, Natural
territorial reinforcement/boundary definition, Management and maintenance,
Legitimate activity support, and Compartmentalization.
Natural access control: - ✔✔Employing physical and symbolic barriers to discourage
or prevent access or direct movement to specific access points. Doors, fences, and other
physical obstacles serve
to prevent opportunities for criminal access. Symbolic barriers—such as signage—
directs people to a particular route, and draws attention to those crossing the threshold.
For example, to deter intruders from entering lower-story windows—in addition to
locking devices, a choice can be made between electronic or administrative controls.
The decision should rest on the calculated/assumed risks associated with the particular
facility.
Natural surveillance: - ✔✔Increasing visibility, both interior-to-exterior and exterior-
to-interior, to increase witness potential, foster a sense of exposure to the criminal
element, and give advance
visibility to areas people are entering. This increases the feeling of safety to legitimate
users of a space and increases the risk of detection to criminals.
For instance, a loading dock area enclosed by a high concrete wall provides a
concealment opportunity for engaging in break and entry, vandalism, or assault.
Conversely, the use of chain-link fencing that allows for an unobstructed view of the
, area by workers, law enforcement, or the general public may discourage thieves and
aggressors.
Natural territorial reinforcement/boundary definition: - ✔✔Establishing a sense of
ownership by facility owners or building occupants to define territory to potential
aggressors and to assist legitimate occupants or users to increase vigilance in identifying
who belongs on the property and who does not. The theory holds that people will pay
more attention to and defend a particular space
or territory from trespass if they feel a form of "psychological ownership" in the area.
An example might be low edging shrubbery along pedestrian walkways in an apartment
complex. This marks the territory of individual buildings and discourages trespassers
from cutting through the area.
Management and maintenance: - ✔✔Maintaining spaces to look well-tended and
crime-free. The "broken windows" theory (Wilson & Kelling, 1982) suggests that an
abandoned building or car can remain unmolested indefinitely, but once the first
window is broken, the building or car is quickly vandalized.
Legitimate activity support: - ✔✔Engaging legitimate occupants, residents,
customers, or visitors in the desired or intended uses of the space. Criminal activity
thrives in spaces that occupants and desired users do not claim and that offer no
legitimate activities that can undermine or replace the criminal activities. CPTED
suggests adding enticements to draw legitimate users to a space, where they may in
effect crowd out undesirable illegitimate users of the space.
Compartmentalization is: - ✔✔One of the basic CPTED strategies is to design multiple
or concentric layers of security measures so that highly protected assets are behind
multiple barriers. These
layers of security strategies or elements start from the outer perimeter and move
inward to the area of the building with the greatest need for protection. Each layer is
designed to delay an attacker as much as possible. This strategy is also known as
protection-in-depth
