NURS 6531 Final Exam 9 2025/26 Questions and answers !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
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A health care provider in a clinic finds a patient in a room, unresponsive and pale. Which sign
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should be used to identify the need to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
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Evaluation of peripheral perfusion and level of consciousness !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Obtaining a history of previous myocardial infarction !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Determination of pulselessness or bradycardia !% I !% I !% I !% I
Assessment of gasping breaths or not breathing - Assessment of gasping breaths or not !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
breathing
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An African-American patient who is being treated with a thiazide diuretic for chronic
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hypertension reports blurred vision and shortness of breath. The provider notes a blood
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pressure of 185/115. What is the recommended action for this patient?
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Increase the dose of the thiazide medication !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Add a beta blocker to the patient's regimen
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Admit to the hospital for evaluation and treatment
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Prescribe a calcium channel blocker - Admit to the hospital for evaluation and treatment
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A patient reports sustained, irregular heart palpitations. What is the most likely cause of these
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symptoms?
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Atrial fibrillation !% I
Anemia
Extrasystole
Paroxysmal attacks - Atrial fibrillation !% I !% I !% I !% I
A patient has a cardiac murmur that peaks in midsystole and is best heard along the left
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sternal border. The provider determines that the murmur decreases in intensity when the
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patient changes from standing to squatting and increases in intensity with the Valsalva
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maneuver. Which cause will the provider suspect for this murmur?
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Aortic stenosis !% I
Tricuspid regurgitation !% I
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy !% I
Mitral valve prolapse - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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,A patient is brought to an emergency department with symptoms of acute ST-segment
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elevation MI (STEMI). The nearest hospital that can perform percutaneous coronary
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intervention (PCI) is 3 hours away. What is the initial treatment for this patient?
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Give the patient an oral beta blocker
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Transfer to the PCI-capable institution !% I !% I !% I !% I
Administer heparin !% I
Initiate fibrinolytic treatment - Initiate fibrinolytic treatment
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Patients who meet the criteria for statin therapy to help prevent atherosclerotic
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cardiovascular disease are those with a history of (Select all that apply.) previous
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myocardial infarction. a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level >190 mg/dL.
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diabetes and an LDL between 40 and 70 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 8% with
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an LDL of 80 mg/dL.
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a 10 year risk score of 5% and an LDL of 165 mg/dL. - previous myocardial infarction. a
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low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level >190 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 8% with an LDL
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of 80 mg/dL.
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A 75-year-old patient reports pain and a feeling of tiredness in both legs that only relieves
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after sitting for 30 minutes or more. What the does provider suspect as the cause for these
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symptoms?
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Buerger's disease !% I
Cauda equina syndrome !% I !% I
Diabetic neuropathy !% I
Peripheral arterial disease - Cauda equina syndrome !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Which are causes of secondary hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
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Oral contraceptives !% I
Isometic excercises !% I
NSAIDS
Sleep apnea !% I
Increased salt intake - Oral contraceptives !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
NSAIDS
Sleep apnea !% I
A young female patient has known mitral valve prolapse. During a routine health
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maintenance exam, the provider notes an apical systolic murmur and a midsystolic click on
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auscultation. The patient denies chest pain, syncope, or palpitations. What will the provider
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do?
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,Reassure the patient that these findings are expected !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Continue to monitor the patient every 3 years !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Admit the patient to the hospital for evaluation and treatment
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Consult with cardiology to determine appropriate diagnostic tests - Consult with cardiology
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to determine appropriate diagnostic tests
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A patient reports abdominal and back pain with anorexia and nausea. During an exam, the
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provider notes a pulsatile abdominal mass. What is the initial action?
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Scheduling an MRI to evaluate for aortic disease !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Immediate referral to a thoracic surgeon !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
US of the mass to determine size
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Ordering CT angiography - US of the mass to determine size !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
A patient is brought to an emergency department with symptoms of acute ST-segment
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elevations MI (STEMI). The nearest hospital that can perform percutaneous coronary
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intervention (PCI) is 3 hours away. What is the initial treatment for this patient?
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Give the patient an oral beta blocker
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Initiate fibrinolytic treatment !% I !% I
Administer heparin !% I
Transfer to the PCI-capable institution - Initiate fibrinolytic treatment !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
A 55-year-old patient has a blood pressure of 138/85 on three occasions. The patient denies
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headaches, palpitations, snoring, muscle weakness, and nocturia and does not take any
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medications. What will the provider do next to evaluate this patient? Continue to monitor
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blood pressure at each health maintenance visit
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Assess serum cortisol levels !% I !% I !% I
Order urinalysis, CBC, BUN and creatinine !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Refer to specialist for sleep study - Order urinalysis, CBC, BUN and creatinine
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A patient is diagnosed with PAD and elects to not have angioplasty after an angiogram reveals
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partial obstruction in lower extremity arteries. What will the provider recommend to help
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with relief of symptoms in this patient?
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Statin therapy with clopidogrel !% I !% I !% I
Walking to the point of pain each day !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Daily aspirin therapy to prevent clotting
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Walking slowly for 15 to 20 minutes twice daily - Walking to the point of pain each day
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, An adult patient reports frequent episodes of syncope and lightheadedness. The provider
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notes a heart rate of 70 beats per minute. What will the provider do next?
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Order an electrocardiogram and exercise stress test !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Monitor the patient's heart rate while the patient is bearing down !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Evaluate the patient's orthostatic vital signs !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Reassure the patient that the symptoms are non-cardiac in origin - Evaluate the patient's !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
orthostatic vital signs
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The AHA recommends early CPR and AED use for adult victims of cardiac arrest outside of a
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hospital setting because most victims have which arrhythmia?
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Atrial flutter !% I
Ventricular fibrillation !% I
Atrial fibrillation !% I
Ventricular tachycardia - Ventricular fibrillation !% I !% I !% I !% I
A child with a history of asthma is brought to the clinic with a rapid heart rate. A cardiac
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monitor shows a heart rate of 225 beats per minute. The provider notifies transport to take
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the child to the child emergency department. What initial intervention may be attempted in
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the clinic?
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Administration of intravenous adenosine !% I !% I !% I
Using a vagal maneuver or carotid massage !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Providing a loading dose of digoxin !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Giving a beta blocker - Using a vagal maneuver or carotid massage
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Current American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations include: (Select all that
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apply.)
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Using a ratio of 2 rescue breaths to 30 compressions
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A compression depth of 1.5 inches or more on an adult
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A rate of 100 compressions per minute at a minimum
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Untrained rescuers giving compressions without breaths !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Rescue breaths given during 2 seconds to allow full chest rise - Using a ratio of 2 rescue
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breaths to 30 compressions
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A rate of 100 compressions per minute at a minimum
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Untrained rescuers giving compressions without breaths !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
A patient reports recurrent chest pain that occurs regardless of activity and is not relieved by
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rest. The provider administers a nitroglycerin tablet which does not relieve the discomfort.
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What is the next action?
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Newest !% I !% I
A health care provider in a clinic finds a patient in a room, unresponsive and pale. Which sign
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should be used to identify the need to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
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Evaluation of peripheral perfusion and level of consciousness !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Obtaining a history of previous myocardial infarction !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Determination of pulselessness or bradycardia !% I !% I !% I !% I
Assessment of gasping breaths or not breathing - Assessment of gasping breaths or not !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
breathing
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An African-American patient who is being treated with a thiazide diuretic for chronic
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hypertension reports blurred vision and shortness of breath. The provider notes a blood
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pressure of 185/115. What is the recommended action for this patient?
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Increase the dose of the thiazide medication !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Add a beta blocker to the patient's regimen
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Admit to the hospital for evaluation and treatment
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Prescribe a calcium channel blocker - Admit to the hospital for evaluation and treatment
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A patient reports sustained, irregular heart palpitations. What is the most likely cause of these
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symptoms?
!% I
Atrial fibrillation !% I
Anemia
Extrasystole
Paroxysmal attacks - Atrial fibrillation !% I !% I !% I !% I
A patient has a cardiac murmur that peaks in midsystole and is best heard along the left
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sternal border. The provider determines that the murmur decreases in intensity when the
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patient changes from standing to squatting and increases in intensity with the Valsalva
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maneuver. Which cause will the provider suspect for this murmur?
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Aortic stenosis !% I
Tricuspid regurgitation !% I
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy !% I
Mitral valve prolapse - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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,A patient is brought to an emergency department with symptoms of acute ST-segment
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elevation MI (STEMI). The nearest hospital that can perform percutaneous coronary
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intervention (PCI) is 3 hours away. What is the initial treatment for this patient?
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Give the patient an oral beta blocker
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Transfer to the PCI-capable institution !% I !% I !% I !% I
Administer heparin !% I
Initiate fibrinolytic treatment - Initiate fibrinolytic treatment
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Patients who meet the criteria for statin therapy to help prevent atherosclerotic
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cardiovascular disease are those with a history of (Select all that apply.) previous
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myocardial infarction. a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level >190 mg/dL.
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diabetes and an LDL between 40 and 70 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 8% with
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an LDL of 80 mg/dL.
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a 10 year risk score of 5% and an LDL of 165 mg/dL. - previous myocardial infarction. a
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low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level >190 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 8% with an LDL
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of 80 mg/dL.
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A 75-year-old patient reports pain and a feeling of tiredness in both legs that only relieves
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after sitting for 30 minutes or more. What the does provider suspect as the cause for these
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symptoms?
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Buerger's disease !% I
Cauda equina syndrome !% I !% I
Diabetic neuropathy !% I
Peripheral arterial disease - Cauda equina syndrome !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Which are causes of secondary hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
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Oral contraceptives !% I
Isometic excercises !% I
NSAIDS
Sleep apnea !% I
Increased salt intake - Oral contraceptives !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
NSAIDS
Sleep apnea !% I
A young female patient has known mitral valve prolapse. During a routine health
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maintenance exam, the provider notes an apical systolic murmur and a midsystolic click on
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auscultation. The patient denies chest pain, syncope, or palpitations. What will the provider
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do?
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,Reassure the patient that these findings are expected !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Continue to monitor the patient every 3 years !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Admit the patient to the hospital for evaluation and treatment
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Consult with cardiology to determine appropriate diagnostic tests - Consult with cardiology
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to determine appropriate diagnostic tests
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A patient reports abdominal and back pain with anorexia and nausea. During an exam, the
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provider notes a pulsatile abdominal mass. What is the initial action?
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Scheduling an MRI to evaluate for aortic disease !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Immediate referral to a thoracic surgeon !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
US of the mass to determine size
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Ordering CT angiography - US of the mass to determine size !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
A patient is brought to an emergency department with symptoms of acute ST-segment
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elevations MI (STEMI). The nearest hospital that can perform percutaneous coronary
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intervention (PCI) is 3 hours away. What is the initial treatment for this patient?
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Give the patient an oral beta blocker
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Initiate fibrinolytic treatment !% I !% I
Administer heparin !% I
Transfer to the PCI-capable institution - Initiate fibrinolytic treatment !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
A 55-year-old patient has a blood pressure of 138/85 on three occasions. The patient denies
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headaches, palpitations, snoring, muscle weakness, and nocturia and does not take any
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medications. What will the provider do next to evaluate this patient? Continue to monitor
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blood pressure at each health maintenance visit
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Assess serum cortisol levels !% I !% I !% I
Order urinalysis, CBC, BUN and creatinine !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Refer to specialist for sleep study - Order urinalysis, CBC, BUN and creatinine
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A patient is diagnosed with PAD and elects to not have angioplasty after an angiogram reveals
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partial obstruction in lower extremity arteries. What will the provider recommend to help
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with relief of symptoms in this patient?
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Statin therapy with clopidogrel !% I !% I !% I
Walking to the point of pain each day !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Daily aspirin therapy to prevent clotting
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Walking slowly for 15 to 20 minutes twice daily - Walking to the point of pain each day
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, An adult patient reports frequent episodes of syncope and lightheadedness. The provider
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notes a heart rate of 70 beats per minute. What will the provider do next?
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Order an electrocardiogram and exercise stress test !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Monitor the patient's heart rate while the patient is bearing down !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Evaluate the patient's orthostatic vital signs !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Reassure the patient that the symptoms are non-cardiac in origin - Evaluate the patient's !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
orthostatic vital signs
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The AHA recommends early CPR and AED use for adult victims of cardiac arrest outside of a
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hospital setting because most victims have which arrhythmia?
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Atrial flutter !% I
Ventricular fibrillation !% I
Atrial fibrillation !% I
Ventricular tachycardia - Ventricular fibrillation !% I !% I !% I !% I
A child with a history of asthma is brought to the clinic with a rapid heart rate. A cardiac
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monitor shows a heart rate of 225 beats per minute. The provider notifies transport to take
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the child to the child emergency department. What initial intervention may be attempted in
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the clinic?
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Administration of intravenous adenosine !% I !% I !% I
Using a vagal maneuver or carotid massage !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Providing a loading dose of digoxin !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Giving a beta blocker - Using a vagal maneuver or carotid massage
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Current American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations include: (Select all that
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apply.)
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Using a ratio of 2 rescue breaths to 30 compressions
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A compression depth of 1.5 inches or more on an adult
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A rate of 100 compressions per minute at a minimum
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Untrained rescuers giving compressions without breaths !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
Rescue breaths given during 2 seconds to allow full chest rise - Using a ratio of 2 rescue
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breaths to 30 compressions
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A rate of 100 compressions per minute at a minimum
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Untrained rescuers giving compressions without breaths !% I !% I !% I !% I !% I
A patient reports recurrent chest pain that occurs regardless of activity and is not relieved by
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rest. The provider administers a nitroglycerin tablet which does not relieve the discomfort.
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What is the next action?
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