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Exam 1 mcb5252 micro/immune Questions
And Answers.
Ligand - Answers✔Molecule that interacts with target cell receptor
Cytokines - Answers✔molecules produced by immune system cells affecting other immune
system cells
4 Hallmarks of every cell: - Answers✔-has nucleic acid made of DNA
-has cell membrane
-be able to reproduce/replicate on its own
-be able to regulate flow of chemicals across membrane
Every cell must have: - Answers✔-plasma membrane
-ribosomes
-chromosomes made of DNA
Cell wall material unique to bacteria: - Answers✔peptidoglycan--> murein
3 architectural regions of bacterial cell: - Answers✔-appendages (proteins attached to cell
surface) like flagella and fimbriae
-cell envelope consisting of capsule, cell wall and plasma membrane
-cytoplasmic regions containing genome and ribosomes
Main determinant of virulence of a pathogen: - Answers✔the capsule
-antibodies work against them to neutralize virulence
a capsule (located outside of cell wall) is made of - Answers✔polysaccharides and sometimes
proteins
structure of bacteria that protects from osmotic lysis - Answers✔cell wall
1
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cell wall consists of: - Answers✔a polymer of disaccharides cross-linked by short chains of
amino acids; peptidoglycan called murein
gram ____ bacteria have thick cell walls consisting of several peptidoglycan layers complexed
with teichoic acids - Answers✔-positive
-stains purple
gram negative cell walls consists of: - Answers✔thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an
outer membrane
-outer membrane has lipoproteins, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
-space between 2 membranes = periplasmic space
significance of periplasmic space in gram - cell walls - Answers✔contains transporting enzymes
and hydrolytic enzymes
LPS consists of 3 parts:
-which part acts as an endotoxin? - Answers✔-lipid A (endotoxin)
-core polysaccharide or R polysaccharide
-O side chain (O antigen)
Very serious result of the release of an endotoxin: - Answers✔DIC (Dissimmated Intravasular
Coagulator)
porins are exclusive to gram ___
-importance in cell - Answers✔negative cell walls
-add restriction to size of incoming molecules
which type of cell wall is more resistant to chemicals including antibiotics? - Answers✔Gram
negative
endotoxins are inherent to all gram __ bacteria - Answers✔negative
peptidoglycan, lps, and some teichoic acids induce: - Answers✔the alternate complement
pathway leading to inflammation
Structure of peptidoglycan - Answers✔2 alternating sugars N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-
acetylmuramic acid (NAM) are crosslinked by short peptides
membranes of bacteria and eukaryotes differ in that: - Answers✔bacterial membranes consist of
saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids and do not contain sterols
2
Exam 1 mcb5252 micro/immune Questions
And Answers.
Ligand - Answers✔Molecule that interacts with target cell receptor
Cytokines - Answers✔molecules produced by immune system cells affecting other immune
system cells
4 Hallmarks of every cell: - Answers✔-has nucleic acid made of DNA
-has cell membrane
-be able to reproduce/replicate on its own
-be able to regulate flow of chemicals across membrane
Every cell must have: - Answers✔-plasma membrane
-ribosomes
-chromosomes made of DNA
Cell wall material unique to bacteria: - Answers✔peptidoglycan--> murein
3 architectural regions of bacterial cell: - Answers✔-appendages (proteins attached to cell
surface) like flagella and fimbriae
-cell envelope consisting of capsule, cell wall and plasma membrane
-cytoplasmic regions containing genome and ribosomes
Main determinant of virulence of a pathogen: - Answers✔the capsule
-antibodies work against them to neutralize virulence
a capsule (located outside of cell wall) is made of - Answers✔polysaccharides and sometimes
proteins
structure of bacteria that protects from osmotic lysis - Answers✔cell wall
1
, ©FYNDLAY
cell wall consists of: - Answers✔a polymer of disaccharides cross-linked by short chains of
amino acids; peptidoglycan called murein
gram ____ bacteria have thick cell walls consisting of several peptidoglycan layers complexed
with teichoic acids - Answers✔-positive
-stains purple
gram negative cell walls consists of: - Answers✔thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an
outer membrane
-outer membrane has lipoproteins, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
-space between 2 membranes = periplasmic space
significance of periplasmic space in gram - cell walls - Answers✔contains transporting enzymes
and hydrolytic enzymes
LPS consists of 3 parts:
-which part acts as an endotoxin? - Answers✔-lipid A (endotoxin)
-core polysaccharide or R polysaccharide
-O side chain (O antigen)
Very serious result of the release of an endotoxin: - Answers✔DIC (Dissimmated Intravasular
Coagulator)
porins are exclusive to gram ___
-importance in cell - Answers✔negative cell walls
-add restriction to size of incoming molecules
which type of cell wall is more resistant to chemicals including antibiotics? - Answers✔Gram
negative
endotoxins are inherent to all gram __ bacteria - Answers✔negative
peptidoglycan, lps, and some teichoic acids induce: - Answers✔the alternate complement
pathway leading to inflammation
Structure of peptidoglycan - Answers✔2 alternating sugars N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-
acetylmuramic acid (NAM) are crosslinked by short peptides
membranes of bacteria and eukaryotes differ in that: - Answers✔bacterial membranes consist of
saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids and do not contain sterols
2
