Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Streb Med Surg Exam 3
Complete study guide|Galen College of Nursing -
NUR 242 MS Exam 3 with Complete Solutions
Hiatal Hernia - ANSWER -A condition where a part of the stomach that normally is
located in the abdominal cavity protrudes through the esophageal hiatus to rest within
the chest cavity
Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals. These symptoms may be made
worse when - ANSWER -Lying flat and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report - ANSWER -abdominal pain with
nausea, vomiting, and fever
Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include - ANSWER -elevating the head of the bed
when sleeping to allow gravity to prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and
remaining upright after meals.
Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of - ANSWER -small frequent meals instead of eating
two or three larger meals a day. Avoid vigorous movement after meals.
Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include - ANSWER -spicy, greasy foods,
onions, tomatoes and citrus fruits
Gastritis occurs when - ANSWER -the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa
becomes inflamed or swollen. When the stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema,
hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will be
instructed to stop taking irritating medications such as - ANSWER -ASA and NSAIDS
Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
these would include - ANSWER -Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump inhibitors
The patient with Gastritis is at risk for - ANSWER -Deficient Fluid Volume A
nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily
Weights, &VS.
, Peptic Ulcers Disease - ANSWER -are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal
tract from continued contact with gastric juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is
worsened by the ingestion of food.
Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes. Duodenal ulcers
are associated with a - ANSWER -H. Pylori infection
Gastric ulcer pain is described as - ANSWER -a dull, aching pain, often right after a
meal; eating does not relieve pain and may even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at
night.
Other symptoms associated with PUD are - ANSWER -Nausea with or without
vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, belching and dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may
report a distended abdomen that is painful.
PUD increased risk factor in - ANSWER -Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes an
acceleration of gastric emptying of liquids, promotes of duodenogastric reflux and
causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking cessation
course.
Gastric Cancer - ANSWER -Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years.
Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining
(mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause symptoms and therefore
often go undetected
The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of antibiotics to treat
infection. Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called - ANSWER -Helicobacter pylori (H.
pylori), which is though to be a major cause of stomach cancer
Gastrectomy post care - ANSWER -Administer protein and vitamin supplements to
foster wound repair and tissue building. Eat small, frequent meals.
Stress the importance of long term vitamin B12 injections after - ANSWER gastrectomy
to prevent surgically induced pernicious anemia
GERD Risk factors include - ANSWER -Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol,
spicy or fried foods, chocolate, and tomatoes. Lifestyle factors play a big part especially
alcohol and smoking.
GERD the nursing assessment should include - ANSWER -asking about a history of
heartburn or atypical chest pain associated with the reflux of GI contents.
, GERD manifests differently depending on - ANSWER -the patient and the severity of
the disorder
GERD most common symptoms - ANSWER --Heartburn (pyrosis)
-Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - ANSWER -refers to a disorder that involves abdominal
pain and cramping, as well as changes in bowel movements
IBS risk factors include - ANSWER -consuming a diet high in fats and gas producing
foods. Consuming carbonated beverages, caffeine and alcohol contribute to the
development.
IBS related factors - ANSWER -Smoking and stress. Emotional experiences such as
anxiety and depression are also a factor as this affects the autonomic nervous system
and it innervation to the bowel.
Nursing care for the patient with IBS focuses on - ANSWER -education and emotional
support. Help the patient implement lifestyle changes that reduce stress. Remind the
patient about regular exercise, Discourage smoking while encouraging the need for
regular physical examinations
Intestinal obstruction is - ANSWER -a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that
results in the failure of the intestinal contents to pass through
With obstruction - ANSWER -gas and fluid accumulate proximal to and within
obstructed segment causing bowel distention
A bowel obstruction is divided into two basic categories: - ANSWER -Mechanical and
Non-mechanical
Treatment of intestinal obstruction is directed toward - ANSWER -relieving symptoms,
managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances, preventing complications, and treating the
cause of obstruction
Surgery may be needed to relieve the obstruction if - ANSWER -gastric decompression
does not relieve the symptoms, or if there are signs of bowel necrosis. The type of
surgery will depend on the type and area of obstruction and may include intestinal
resection with an anastomosis or creation of an ileostomy or colostomy
Complete study guide|Galen College of Nursing -
NUR 242 MS Exam 3 with Complete Solutions
Hiatal Hernia - ANSWER -A condition where a part of the stomach that normally is
located in the abdominal cavity protrudes through the esophageal hiatus to rest within
the chest cavity
Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals. These symptoms may be made
worse when - ANSWER -Lying flat and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report - ANSWER -abdominal pain with
nausea, vomiting, and fever
Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include - ANSWER -elevating the head of the bed
when sleeping to allow gravity to prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and
remaining upright after meals.
Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of - ANSWER -small frequent meals instead of eating
two or three larger meals a day. Avoid vigorous movement after meals.
Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include - ANSWER -spicy, greasy foods,
onions, tomatoes and citrus fruits
Gastritis occurs when - ANSWER -the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa
becomes inflamed or swollen. When the stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema,
hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will be
instructed to stop taking irritating medications such as - ANSWER -ASA and NSAIDS
Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
these would include - ANSWER -Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump inhibitors
The patient with Gastritis is at risk for - ANSWER -Deficient Fluid Volume A
nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily
Weights, &VS.
, Peptic Ulcers Disease - ANSWER -are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal
tract from continued contact with gastric juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is
worsened by the ingestion of food.
Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes. Duodenal ulcers
are associated with a - ANSWER -H. Pylori infection
Gastric ulcer pain is described as - ANSWER -a dull, aching pain, often right after a
meal; eating does not relieve pain and may even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at
night.
Other symptoms associated with PUD are - ANSWER -Nausea with or without
vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, belching and dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may
report a distended abdomen that is painful.
PUD increased risk factor in - ANSWER -Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes an
acceleration of gastric emptying of liquids, promotes of duodenogastric reflux and
causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking cessation
course.
Gastric Cancer - ANSWER -Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years.
Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining
(mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause symptoms and therefore
often go undetected
The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of antibiotics to treat
infection. Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called - ANSWER -Helicobacter pylori (H.
pylori), which is though to be a major cause of stomach cancer
Gastrectomy post care - ANSWER -Administer protein and vitamin supplements to
foster wound repair and tissue building. Eat small, frequent meals.
Stress the importance of long term vitamin B12 injections after - ANSWER gastrectomy
to prevent surgically induced pernicious anemia
GERD Risk factors include - ANSWER -Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol,
spicy or fried foods, chocolate, and tomatoes. Lifestyle factors play a big part especially
alcohol and smoking.
GERD the nursing assessment should include - ANSWER -asking about a history of
heartburn or atypical chest pain associated with the reflux of GI contents.
, GERD manifests differently depending on - ANSWER -the patient and the severity of
the disorder
GERD most common symptoms - ANSWER --Heartburn (pyrosis)
-Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - ANSWER -refers to a disorder that involves abdominal
pain and cramping, as well as changes in bowel movements
IBS risk factors include - ANSWER -consuming a diet high in fats and gas producing
foods. Consuming carbonated beverages, caffeine and alcohol contribute to the
development.
IBS related factors - ANSWER -Smoking and stress. Emotional experiences such as
anxiety and depression are also a factor as this affects the autonomic nervous system
and it innervation to the bowel.
Nursing care for the patient with IBS focuses on - ANSWER -education and emotional
support. Help the patient implement lifestyle changes that reduce stress. Remind the
patient about regular exercise, Discourage smoking while encouraging the need for
regular physical examinations
Intestinal obstruction is - ANSWER -a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that
results in the failure of the intestinal contents to pass through
With obstruction - ANSWER -gas and fluid accumulate proximal to and within
obstructed segment causing bowel distention
A bowel obstruction is divided into two basic categories: - ANSWER -Mechanical and
Non-mechanical
Treatment of intestinal obstruction is directed toward - ANSWER -relieving symptoms,
managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances, preventing complications, and treating the
cause of obstruction
Surgery may be needed to relieve the obstruction if - ANSWER -gastric decompression
does not relieve the symptoms, or if there are signs of bowel necrosis. The type of
surgery will depend on the type and area of obstruction and may include intestinal
resection with an anastomosis or creation of an ileostomy or colostomy
