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JANEWAY'S IMMUNOBIOLOGY (10TH ED)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS 2025-2026 (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
||ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION
immunology ANS: the study of the body's defense against infection
variolation ANS: the inhalation or transfer into superficial skin wounds of material
from smallpox pustules
vaccination ANS: the innoculation of healthy individuals with weakened or attenuated
strains of disease-causing agents in order to provide protection from disease
antibodies ANS: proteins which bind specifically to toxins and neutralize their activity
complement ANS: a component of serum that acts in conjunction with antibodies to
destroy pathogenic bacteria
adaptive immunity ANS: a specific response against infection by potential pathogens,
such as the production of antibodies against a particular pathogen. Develops during the
lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with that pathogen.
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innate immunity ANS: the various innate resistance mechanisms that are encountered
first by a pathogen, before adaptive immunity is induced, such as anatomical barriers,
antimicrobial peptides, the complement system, and macrophages and neutrophils carrying
nonspecific pathogen-recognition receptors. Present in all individuals at all times, does not
increase with repeated exposure to a given pathogen, and discriminates between groups of
similar pathogens, rather than responding to a particular pathogen.
antigens ANS: any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody or generate
peptide fragments that are recognized by a T-cell receptor.
antiserum ANS: the fluid component of clotted blood from an immune individual that
contains antibodies against the antigen that was used for immunization. An antiserum
contains a mixture of different antibodies that all bind the antigen, each of which has a
different structure, its own epitope on the antigen, and its own set of cross-reactions. This
heterogeneity makes each antiserum unique.
immune system ANS: the tissues, cells, and molecules involved in innate immunity and
adaptive immunity
leukocytes ANS: a white blood cell. includes lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and monocytes.
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