FA Davis Final Exam Questions
and Answers (100% Accurate)
bradycardia and hypotension - -A patient falls from an outdoor deck located
on the second floor of a building and injures his back. The patient is
displaying signs of shock. The clinician suspects that neurogenic shock may
be present. Which of the following patient assessment results would indicate
neurogenic shock?
- cardiogenic - -A patient presents with shock. An intra-aortic balloon pump
device is used for treatment. Which type of shock is the patient most likely
experiencing?
- septic - -A patient with a severe systemic infection is displaying
hypoxemia and elevated lactate levels, along with an altered mental state.
Which type of shock is the patient most at risk for experiencing?
- septic - -A patient in shock is not responding to fluid replacement or
vasopressor administration. Which type of shock might the patient be
experiencing?
- neurogenic - -A clinician is ordering atropine, an anticholinergic agent, for
a patient in shock. Which type of shock is suspected?
- Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine (Cr)
Rationale: Waste products begin to accumulate in the blood during times of
shock as renal perfusion is decreased. - -A nurse is monitoring a patient in
shock. Which of the following levels are likely to be elevated?
- the patient has released the stress hormones cortisol and epinephrine - -A
patient presents at the emergency department in shock. Blood glucose levels
are elevated. Which of the following may explain this development relative
to the state of shock?
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) release
Rationale: SIADH causes fluid retention, and this would be an unlikely cause
of hypovolemic shock. - -A nurse is reviewing hypovolemic shock causes.
Which of the following is an unlikely cause of hypovolemic shock?
- Stridor and wheezing
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock develops as a result of an allergic reaction,
which may cause severe bronchoconstriction leading to wheezing. - -Which
of the following may appear in anaphylactic shock but be absent in other
forms of shock?
, - Metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis may develop in response to low profusion and
oxygenation resulting in lactic acid formation. - -A patient in a state of
hypovolemic shock is most likely to present with which acid-base imbalance?
- Blood pressure
Rationale: With fluid volume replacement, blood pressure should increase.
Urine output
Rationale: With stabilization, perfusion of the kidneys should return, leading
to normal urine output.
Renal perfusion
Rationale: With stabilization, renal perfusion of the kidney should return to
normal. - -A patient arrives at the emergency department in a state of
hypovolemic shock. Fluid replacement is initiated. Which of the does the
clinician expect to increase as the patient is treated and begins recovery?
Select all that apply.
- IV epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine should be given to counter at the chemical mediators
of the allergic response.
IV saline administration
Rationale: Due to increased capillary permeability, fluid administration is
needed.
Glucocorticoids
Rationale: Glucocorticoids can help suppress the immune response.
Antihistamines
Rationale: Antihistamines can block the chemical mediators of the allergic
response. - -A child is brought to the emergency department suffering from
suspected anaphylactic shock due to bee sting. What are the immediate
treatments considered? Select all that apply.
- Pale, cool skin
Rationale: Vasoconstriction occurs at the skin to divert blood to needed
organs.
Elevated respirations
Rationale: Respirations increase to aid in oxygenating the blood.
Decreased urine output
Rationale: Urine output decreases as kidney perfusion is lessened. - -Which
of the following signs and symptoms are indications of the body's attempt to
compensate for hypovolemic shock? Select all that apply.
- Increased heart rate
Rationale: Heart rate increases in the initial stage of shock.
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Rationale: Activation of the RAAS occurs with shock.
, Peripheral vasoconstriction
Rationale: Peripheral vasoconstriction occurs in shock.
Decreased gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow
Rationale: Blood flow to the GI tract is decreased in shock.
Test Taking Tips:Do not mistakenly read parasympathetic activation as
sympathetic activation. - -A patient is in the initial stages of shock. Which of
the following can be expected? Select all that apply.
- Decreased venous return to the heart
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased tissue perfusion
Tissue hypoxemia
Increased lactic acid formation
Rationale: In hypovolemic shock, decreased venous return to the heart
causes decreased cardiac output. With decreased cardiac output, tissue
perfusion is lessened and tissue hypoxemia develops. This leads to increased
lactic acid formation. - -A patient in severe hypovolemic shock has
developed acidosis. Please place the events in the proper sequence leading
to this state.
- SIRS
Rationale: SIRS is systemic inflammatory response syndrome. - -A nurse
comments that a patient is displaying an overwhelming immune response to
trauma. Which acronym would apply to the nurse's statement?
- Renal transplant patient on immunosuppressants
Rationale: A transplant patient on immunosuppressants is at an increased
risk for severe infection. - -A nurse is caring for several patients. Of the
following, which patient should the nurse be most concerned about
developing sepsis?
- The patient appears pink and the skin feels warm to the touch.
Rationale: The patient will feel warm to the touch. - -Which of the following
characteristics will be present if the patient is experiencing "warm shock"?
- The patient is at increased risk for infection.
Rationale: CARS is a state of increased risk of infection. - -A patient has been
evaluated and is believed to be in a period of compensatory anti-
inflammatory response syndrome (CARS). Which of the following is the
correct interpretation?
and Answers (100% Accurate)
bradycardia and hypotension - -A patient falls from an outdoor deck located
on the second floor of a building and injures his back. The patient is
displaying signs of shock. The clinician suspects that neurogenic shock may
be present. Which of the following patient assessment results would indicate
neurogenic shock?
- cardiogenic - -A patient presents with shock. An intra-aortic balloon pump
device is used for treatment. Which type of shock is the patient most likely
experiencing?
- septic - -A patient with a severe systemic infection is displaying
hypoxemia and elevated lactate levels, along with an altered mental state.
Which type of shock is the patient most at risk for experiencing?
- septic - -A patient in shock is not responding to fluid replacement or
vasopressor administration. Which type of shock might the patient be
experiencing?
- neurogenic - -A clinician is ordering atropine, an anticholinergic agent, for
a patient in shock. Which type of shock is suspected?
- Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine (Cr)
Rationale: Waste products begin to accumulate in the blood during times of
shock as renal perfusion is decreased. - -A nurse is monitoring a patient in
shock. Which of the following levels are likely to be elevated?
- the patient has released the stress hormones cortisol and epinephrine - -A
patient presents at the emergency department in shock. Blood glucose levels
are elevated. Which of the following may explain this development relative
to the state of shock?
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) release
Rationale: SIADH causes fluid retention, and this would be an unlikely cause
of hypovolemic shock. - -A nurse is reviewing hypovolemic shock causes.
Which of the following is an unlikely cause of hypovolemic shock?
- Stridor and wheezing
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock develops as a result of an allergic reaction,
which may cause severe bronchoconstriction leading to wheezing. - -Which
of the following may appear in anaphylactic shock but be absent in other
forms of shock?
, - Metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis may develop in response to low profusion and
oxygenation resulting in lactic acid formation. - -A patient in a state of
hypovolemic shock is most likely to present with which acid-base imbalance?
- Blood pressure
Rationale: With fluid volume replacement, blood pressure should increase.
Urine output
Rationale: With stabilization, perfusion of the kidneys should return, leading
to normal urine output.
Renal perfusion
Rationale: With stabilization, renal perfusion of the kidney should return to
normal. - -A patient arrives at the emergency department in a state of
hypovolemic shock. Fluid replacement is initiated. Which of the does the
clinician expect to increase as the patient is treated and begins recovery?
Select all that apply.
- IV epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine should be given to counter at the chemical mediators
of the allergic response.
IV saline administration
Rationale: Due to increased capillary permeability, fluid administration is
needed.
Glucocorticoids
Rationale: Glucocorticoids can help suppress the immune response.
Antihistamines
Rationale: Antihistamines can block the chemical mediators of the allergic
response. - -A child is brought to the emergency department suffering from
suspected anaphylactic shock due to bee sting. What are the immediate
treatments considered? Select all that apply.
- Pale, cool skin
Rationale: Vasoconstriction occurs at the skin to divert blood to needed
organs.
Elevated respirations
Rationale: Respirations increase to aid in oxygenating the blood.
Decreased urine output
Rationale: Urine output decreases as kidney perfusion is lessened. - -Which
of the following signs and symptoms are indications of the body's attempt to
compensate for hypovolemic shock? Select all that apply.
- Increased heart rate
Rationale: Heart rate increases in the initial stage of shock.
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Rationale: Activation of the RAAS occurs with shock.
, Peripheral vasoconstriction
Rationale: Peripheral vasoconstriction occurs in shock.
Decreased gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow
Rationale: Blood flow to the GI tract is decreased in shock.
Test Taking Tips:Do not mistakenly read parasympathetic activation as
sympathetic activation. - -A patient is in the initial stages of shock. Which of
the following can be expected? Select all that apply.
- Decreased venous return to the heart
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased tissue perfusion
Tissue hypoxemia
Increased lactic acid formation
Rationale: In hypovolemic shock, decreased venous return to the heart
causes decreased cardiac output. With decreased cardiac output, tissue
perfusion is lessened and tissue hypoxemia develops. This leads to increased
lactic acid formation. - -A patient in severe hypovolemic shock has
developed acidosis. Please place the events in the proper sequence leading
to this state.
- SIRS
Rationale: SIRS is systemic inflammatory response syndrome. - -A nurse
comments that a patient is displaying an overwhelming immune response to
trauma. Which acronym would apply to the nurse's statement?
- Renal transplant patient on immunosuppressants
Rationale: A transplant patient on immunosuppressants is at an increased
risk for severe infection. - -A nurse is caring for several patients. Of the
following, which patient should the nurse be most concerned about
developing sepsis?
- The patient appears pink and the skin feels warm to the touch.
Rationale: The patient will feel warm to the touch. - -Which of the following
characteristics will be present if the patient is experiencing "warm shock"?
- The patient is at increased risk for infection.
Rationale: CARS is a state of increased risk of infection. - -A patient has been
evaluated and is believed to be in a period of compensatory anti-
inflammatory response syndrome (CARS). Which of the following is the
correct interpretation?
