ABFM + KSA Care of Children (New 2024/2025 Update) Qs & As
|Grade A|100% Correct (Verified Answers)
Which one of the following laboratory tests is recommended by the American
Academy of Pediatrics for routine screening or risk assessment at this visit?
A. A urinalysis
B. A hemoglobin or hematocrit level
C. A serum TSH level
D. A lipid panel
- ANS -ANSWER : B
Based on expert opinion, the American Academy of Pediatrics continues to
recommend measuring a hemoglobin level at 12 months of age. In contrast, the
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, in a 2015 update of their 2006
recommendation, concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to
recommend for or against routine screening for iron deficiency anemia in children
6 to 24 months of age.
A screening urinalysis is not recommended at any age. Metabolic screening is
recommended shortly after birth to detect phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, and
many other inherited diseases. Screening for dyslipidemia is recommended once
between 9 and 11 years of age and once between 17 and 21 years of age.
A healthy 2-month-old female is brought to your office for a well child visit. Which
one of the following immunizations should be administered at this visit?
A. Meningococcal conjugate
B. MMR
C. Oral poliovirus
D. Rotavirus - ANS -ANSWER : D
Childhood immunizations have prevented many previously common
communicable diseases, and the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices regularly updates its recommendations.
Rotavirus vaccine is administered in a three-dose series at 2, 4, and 6 months of
age, and is the only one on this list that is appropriate for a 2-month-old child. A
first dose of meningococcal vaccine is recommended at 11-12 years of age, with a
,second dose at age 16. MMR has been found to be efficacious only when given
after 1 year of age.
Because of the risk of inducing clinical polio with the live oral poliovirus vaccine, it
is no longer recommended for routine childhood immunizations. Since 1999,
parenteral inactivated poliovirus vaccine has been recommended instead.
You see a healthy 9-month-old infant for a well child examination. Which one of
the following do you expect to find in the history that is typical for a child of this
age?
A. He has temper tantrums
B. He participates cooperatively in dressing
C. He passes a toy back and forth from one hand to another
D. He has a 3-word vocabulary, not including "mama" and "dada" - ANS -ANSWER
:C
As many as one in four children ages 0-5 are at moderate or high risk for
developmental, behavioral, or social delays. The American Academy of Pediatrics
(AAP) recommends that every well child visit include surveillance to identify
children at risk for developmental delays. Surveillance includes eliciting parent's
concerns; obtaining a developmental history; observing the child; identifying risks,
strengths, and protective factors; sharing the clinician's findings; and recording
these in the medical record. Surveillance is different from formal developmental
screening, which the AAP recommends at the 9-, 18-, and 30-month well child
visits to aid in early identification of developmental delays. The U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to recommend formal
developmental screening in the absence of parent, caregiver, or physician
concerns. When concerns are identified, the use of validated, standardized
screening tests is recommended at specific ages. These might include the Ages
and Stages Questionnaire, the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status, the
Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status-Developmental Milestones, or the
Survey of Well-Being of Young Children. If results are abnormal, intervention or
referral to early intervention services should be considered.
While all children may not reach developmental milestones at the same time,
development that does not happen within an expected time frame can raise
, concerns about developmental disorders, health conditions, or other factors that
may negatively impact the child's development.
In this specific case, passing a toy back and forth from one hand to another is
consistent with a 9-month-old milestone. Temper tantrums generally do not
occur in children under the age of 15-18 months. According to the CDC,
participating coo
A healthy, 3350-g (7 lb 6 oz) female is born at a birthing center at 8:00 p.m.
Because of the family's financial circumstances and at the parents' insistence, the
newborn is discharged with the mother the following morning at about 12 hours
of life. A blood sample for mandated screening for genetic and metabolic
disorders is collected before discharge.
Testing for which one of the following should be repeated in 1-2 weeks?
A. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B. Congenital hypothyroidism
C. Galactosemia
D. Phenylketonuria
E. Sickle cell anemia - ANS -ANSWER: D
There are several genetic and metabolic diseases that can be detected by a simple
blood test in the newborn period. It is important for family physicians who care
for children to know about the detection of these diseases and how to interpret
the laboratory results. Many of these screening tests are mandatory, with the
specific number and type of tests specified by individual state laws. Testing for
phenylketonuria (PKU) is mandated throughout the United States.
PKU screening should ideally occur in newborns older than 24 hours and younger
than 7 days. A normal result from a PKU sample taken at or before 12 hours of
age does not rule out PKU because the child has not yet ingested enough dietary
phenylalanine to raise the PKU level. Because some cases of PKU can be missed
when the test is performed too early, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and
the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that a repeat specimen be
obtained by 2 weeks of age in infants whose initial test was performed before
they were 24 hours of age. All infants should be screened at the time of nursery
discharge or transfer regardless of age.
|Grade A|100% Correct (Verified Answers)
Which one of the following laboratory tests is recommended by the American
Academy of Pediatrics for routine screening or risk assessment at this visit?
A. A urinalysis
B. A hemoglobin or hematocrit level
C. A serum TSH level
D. A lipid panel
- ANS -ANSWER : B
Based on expert opinion, the American Academy of Pediatrics continues to
recommend measuring a hemoglobin level at 12 months of age. In contrast, the
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, in a 2015 update of their 2006
recommendation, concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to
recommend for or against routine screening for iron deficiency anemia in children
6 to 24 months of age.
A screening urinalysis is not recommended at any age. Metabolic screening is
recommended shortly after birth to detect phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, and
many other inherited diseases. Screening for dyslipidemia is recommended once
between 9 and 11 years of age and once between 17 and 21 years of age.
A healthy 2-month-old female is brought to your office for a well child visit. Which
one of the following immunizations should be administered at this visit?
A. Meningococcal conjugate
B. MMR
C. Oral poliovirus
D. Rotavirus - ANS -ANSWER : D
Childhood immunizations have prevented many previously common
communicable diseases, and the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices regularly updates its recommendations.
Rotavirus vaccine is administered in a three-dose series at 2, 4, and 6 months of
age, and is the only one on this list that is appropriate for a 2-month-old child. A
first dose of meningococcal vaccine is recommended at 11-12 years of age, with a
,second dose at age 16. MMR has been found to be efficacious only when given
after 1 year of age.
Because of the risk of inducing clinical polio with the live oral poliovirus vaccine, it
is no longer recommended for routine childhood immunizations. Since 1999,
parenteral inactivated poliovirus vaccine has been recommended instead.
You see a healthy 9-month-old infant for a well child examination. Which one of
the following do you expect to find in the history that is typical for a child of this
age?
A. He has temper tantrums
B. He participates cooperatively in dressing
C. He passes a toy back and forth from one hand to another
D. He has a 3-word vocabulary, not including "mama" and "dada" - ANS -ANSWER
:C
As many as one in four children ages 0-5 are at moderate or high risk for
developmental, behavioral, or social delays. The American Academy of Pediatrics
(AAP) recommends that every well child visit include surveillance to identify
children at risk for developmental delays. Surveillance includes eliciting parent's
concerns; obtaining a developmental history; observing the child; identifying risks,
strengths, and protective factors; sharing the clinician's findings; and recording
these in the medical record. Surveillance is different from formal developmental
screening, which the AAP recommends at the 9-, 18-, and 30-month well child
visits to aid in early identification of developmental delays. The U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to recommend formal
developmental screening in the absence of parent, caregiver, or physician
concerns. When concerns are identified, the use of validated, standardized
screening tests is recommended at specific ages. These might include the Ages
and Stages Questionnaire, the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status, the
Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status-Developmental Milestones, or the
Survey of Well-Being of Young Children. If results are abnormal, intervention or
referral to early intervention services should be considered.
While all children may not reach developmental milestones at the same time,
development that does not happen within an expected time frame can raise
, concerns about developmental disorders, health conditions, or other factors that
may negatively impact the child's development.
In this specific case, passing a toy back and forth from one hand to another is
consistent with a 9-month-old milestone. Temper tantrums generally do not
occur in children under the age of 15-18 months. According to the CDC,
participating coo
A healthy, 3350-g (7 lb 6 oz) female is born at a birthing center at 8:00 p.m.
Because of the family's financial circumstances and at the parents' insistence, the
newborn is discharged with the mother the following morning at about 12 hours
of life. A blood sample for mandated screening for genetic and metabolic
disorders is collected before discharge.
Testing for which one of the following should be repeated in 1-2 weeks?
A. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B. Congenital hypothyroidism
C. Galactosemia
D. Phenylketonuria
E. Sickle cell anemia - ANS -ANSWER: D
There are several genetic and metabolic diseases that can be detected by a simple
blood test in the newborn period. It is important for family physicians who care
for children to know about the detection of these diseases and how to interpret
the laboratory results. Many of these screening tests are mandatory, with the
specific number and type of tests specified by individual state laws. Testing for
phenylketonuria (PKU) is mandated throughout the United States.
PKU screening should ideally occur in newborns older than 24 hours and younger
than 7 days. A normal result from a PKU sample taken at or before 12 hours of
age does not rule out PKU because the child has not yet ingested enough dietary
phenylalanine to raise the PKU level. Because some cases of PKU can be missed
when the test is performed too early, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and
the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that a repeat specimen be
obtained by 2 weeks of age in infants whose initial test was performed before
they were 24 hours of age. All infants should be screened at the time of nursery
discharge or transfer regardless of age.
