Histology for NBME Anatomy Shelf Exam
2024 | NBME Anatomy Shelf Histology
Exam 2024 Questions and Correct
Answers Rated A+
Keratinocytes -ANSWER-Main type of skin cell found in all epidermal
layers that make & bundle keratin as they move up from stratum
basale, lose nuclei as they transition from stratum granulosum to
stratum corneum, and are fully keratinized in stratum corneum layer,
held together by desmosomes.
Melanocytes -ANSWER-Cells in stratum basale of epidermis that
make melanin, a protective pigment, donate pigment to nearby
keratinocytes, and add brownish color to skin.
Langerhans cells -ANSWER-APC immune cells in the epidermis that
contain Birbecks granules and stain for CD1a, involved in delayed
hypersensitivity reactions.
Merkel cells -ANSWER-Modified sensory cells located in the stratum
basale layer of epidermis, adjacent to neurons, that form Merkel
corpuscles for discriminative or fine touch.
Meissner's Corpuscles -ANSWER-Sensory organelles located in
dermal papillae of hairless skin (e.g., fingertips and lips) that detect
light touch and low frequency vibration.
Pacinian Corpuscles -ANSWER-Sensory organelles located deep in
dermis and subcutaneous tissue that detect deep pressure and high-
frequency vibration.
, Ruffini Endings -ANSWER-Sensory organelles found in dermis and
subcutaneous tissue that are sensitive to stretch and sustained
pressure.
Free Nerve Endings -ANSWER-Sensory organelles found throughout
skin (epidermis and dermis) that detect pain, temperature, and some
light touch.
Hair Follicle Receptors -ANSWER-Sensory organelles found in hair
follicles in dermis that detect hair movement (e.g., light touch or
vibration).
Intercalated duct cells -ANSWER-Cells in salivary glands & pancreas
ducts that secrete bicarbonate and reabsorb Cl- from solution in lumen
of duct.
Striated duct cells -ANSWER-Cells that reabsorb Na+ in exchange for
K+ (K+ secreted) in salivary glands.
Salivary glands acinar cells -ANSWER-Cells that can be either
mucous (secrete mucus) or serous (make proteins/enzymes).
Surface mucous cells -ANSWER-Cells that line stomach surface and
pits, making thick, fairly insoluble mucus that is protective, with a
population renewed every few days (< a week).
Gastrin -ANSWER-Hormone produced by G cells in antrum of
stomach that stimulates secretion of gastric acid/HCl by parietal cells
aiding in digestion and promoting gastric motility, stimulated by food in
stomach and vagal stimulation.
2024 | NBME Anatomy Shelf Histology
Exam 2024 Questions and Correct
Answers Rated A+
Keratinocytes -ANSWER-Main type of skin cell found in all epidermal
layers that make & bundle keratin as they move up from stratum
basale, lose nuclei as they transition from stratum granulosum to
stratum corneum, and are fully keratinized in stratum corneum layer,
held together by desmosomes.
Melanocytes -ANSWER-Cells in stratum basale of epidermis that
make melanin, a protective pigment, donate pigment to nearby
keratinocytes, and add brownish color to skin.
Langerhans cells -ANSWER-APC immune cells in the epidermis that
contain Birbecks granules and stain for CD1a, involved in delayed
hypersensitivity reactions.
Merkel cells -ANSWER-Modified sensory cells located in the stratum
basale layer of epidermis, adjacent to neurons, that form Merkel
corpuscles for discriminative or fine touch.
Meissner's Corpuscles -ANSWER-Sensory organelles located in
dermal papillae of hairless skin (e.g., fingertips and lips) that detect
light touch and low frequency vibration.
Pacinian Corpuscles -ANSWER-Sensory organelles located deep in
dermis and subcutaneous tissue that detect deep pressure and high-
frequency vibration.
, Ruffini Endings -ANSWER-Sensory organelles found in dermis and
subcutaneous tissue that are sensitive to stretch and sustained
pressure.
Free Nerve Endings -ANSWER-Sensory organelles found throughout
skin (epidermis and dermis) that detect pain, temperature, and some
light touch.
Hair Follicle Receptors -ANSWER-Sensory organelles found in hair
follicles in dermis that detect hair movement (e.g., light touch or
vibration).
Intercalated duct cells -ANSWER-Cells in salivary glands & pancreas
ducts that secrete bicarbonate and reabsorb Cl- from solution in lumen
of duct.
Striated duct cells -ANSWER-Cells that reabsorb Na+ in exchange for
K+ (K+ secreted) in salivary glands.
Salivary glands acinar cells -ANSWER-Cells that can be either
mucous (secrete mucus) or serous (make proteins/enzymes).
Surface mucous cells -ANSWER-Cells that line stomach surface and
pits, making thick, fairly insoluble mucus that is protective, with a
population renewed every few days (< a week).
Gastrin -ANSWER-Hormone produced by G cells in antrum of
stomach that stimulates secretion of gastric acid/HCl by parietal cells
aiding in digestion and promoting gastric motility, stimulated by food in
stomach and vagal stimulation.
