Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system (Review Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update ) Already Passed

Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system (Review Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update ) Already Passed For the re-polarization phase of an SA nodal cell action potential, A. Calcium and potassium channels close B. sodium and chloride channels open C. Calcium channels close and potassium channels open D. Calcium channels open and sodium channels close E. Sodium and potassium channels open - Answers C According to the Frank Starling law, A. the greater the resistance from the arteries , the higher the blood pressure B. as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more foreceful C. the faster the heart rate, the larger the stroke volume D. the more calcium available to the heart cell, the more forcefully it will contract - Answers B Once an SA nodal cell reaches threshold, the depolarization phase occurs during which a. calcium comes in through fast voltage gated channels b. sodium moves out through slow voltage gated channels c. calcium moves through slow voltage gated channels d. potassium moves out through fast voltage gated channels e. potassium comes in through fast voltage gated channels - Answers A in an ECG, what does the T wave represent a. repolarization of the ventricles b. closure of the av valves c. depolarization of the left ventricle d. depolarization of the atria e. depolarization of the right ventricle - Answers a atrial contraction occurs just before a. isovolumetric relaxation b. isovolumetric contraction c. atrial relaxation and ventricular filling d. ventricular ejection - Answers b which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output? a. addition of positive inotropic agents b. an increase in venous return c. an increase in heart rate d. an increase in afterload - Answers d during the S-T segment, what is occurring within cardiac muscle cells a. calcium is entering and potassium is leaving ventricular cells b. sodium channels are beginning to open in ventricular cells and calcium is entering through slow channels in atrial cells c. sodium is rapidly diffusing out of atrial muscle cells d. potassium is entering atrial cells and sodium is leaving ventricular cells - Answers a as with action potentials in other types of cells, the repolarization of cardiac muscles cells involves the a. binding of ACh to ACh receptor taneous closure of sodium channels and opening of calcium channels c. entrance of calcium through voltage-gated channels d. entrance of sodium through voltage gated channels e. exit of potassium through voltage gated channels - Answers e cardiac output is usually expressed in a. mL per minute b. mL per beat c. mm Hg d. beats per minute - Answers a what is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle? A. AV node B. AV bundle C. SA node D.through the atria E.through the ventricles F. bundle branches G.purkinje fibers - Answers c, d, a, b, f, g, e which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? - Answers pulmonary veins during ventricular contraction a. only the AV valves open b. only the AV valves close c. only the semilunar valves close d. the semilunar valves open and the AV valves close e. the semilunar valves close and the AV valves open - Answers d the shutting of the semilunar valves occurs during which phase? a. isovolumetric relaxation b. late ventricular diastole c. atrial contraction and ventricular filling d. ventricular ejection e. isovolumetric contraction - Answers a list the blood flow of the heart - Answers right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, systemic capillaries, superior, inferior, and coronary sinus what initiates heartbeat - Answers nodal cells resting membrane potential in nodal cells - Answers -60mV do nodal cells have a stable RMP - Answers no voltage gated channels in nodal cells - Answers slow sodium, fast calcium, and VG potassium