ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST REVIEW
Anatomy
dictates or determines physiology.
Gross Anatomy
Study of structure using the unaided eye.
ROH group
Alcohol.
Common elements in the body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Normal trace element
FE (iron).
Proteins in water
They will often form a suspension, a colloidal dispersion, a soluble layer on the surface
of the water.
Compound yielding hydrogen ions
An enzyme.
Average pH of blood
7.4, therefore it is a weak base.
Primary atom in organic compounds
Carbon.
Negative Homeostatic mechanism
Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid.
Materials secreted from the cell
Most are packaged by the Golgi.
Cell in hypertonic solution
It will shrink.
Lack of energy organelles
Mitochondria.
Sulfur atoms in
None of these (lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins).
Movement across cell membrane
Most is controlled by proteins.
Ray-Sachs disease
Due to a problem of function in lysosomal enzymes.
Marker molecules
Membrane protein made of glycoproteins and glycolipids that allows cells to identify one
another or other molecules.
Cholesterol in cell membrane
Determines stiffness or strength.
Pinocytosis
Also called cell 'drinking'.
Voltage-gated ion channels
Integral proteins that open and close when there is a change in membrane potential.
Molecules movement by filtration
, Requires hydrostatic pressure.
Fluid mosaic model
Phospholipids make up the bilayer found in the cell membrane.
Vesicles formation
Commonly formed from the cell membrane.
Common acids
Vinegar, grapes, tomato, coffee.
Characteristics of enzymes
They are most active above 53 degrees.
Bone remodeling
Occurs throughout life as osteoclasts resorb bone tissue and osteoblasts replace the
bone.
Dermal Papillae
Nipple-like folds that shape the epidermis into fingerprints.
Proliferation
Zone of the epiphyseal plate where new cartilage is produced as chondrocytes divide.
Bone lengthening
Results from increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
Sacroiliac joint
Specific joint that may be the problem in posterior hip pain.
Pseudostratified
Type of epithelial tissue found in the trachea and bronchioles.
Transitional tissue
Allows the organs of the urinary system to expand without damage.
Apocrine glands
Glands that release a portion of themselves during secretion.
Merocrine glands
Glandular cells that do not lose any cytoplasm with each secretion.
Collagen fibers
Attribute flexible strength to bone.
Basale layer of epidermis
Only layer that can produce new cells.
Skin and vitamin
Aids in the manufacture of vitamin D.
Red bone marrow
Most of the blood cells in the body are made here.
Hyaline Cartilage
Covers most of the ends of the long bones.
Traumatic open comminuted fracture
Type of fracture where the bone is in fragments and part of the bone is sticking out of
the skin.
Changes in Bob's scalp
Fewer functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands account for the observations.
Pericardial sac
Location where membranes lining cavities and canals that open to the outside of the
body would not be found.
Anatomy
dictates or determines physiology.
Gross Anatomy
Study of structure using the unaided eye.
ROH group
Alcohol.
Common elements in the body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Normal trace element
FE (iron).
Proteins in water
They will often form a suspension, a colloidal dispersion, a soluble layer on the surface
of the water.
Compound yielding hydrogen ions
An enzyme.
Average pH of blood
7.4, therefore it is a weak base.
Primary atom in organic compounds
Carbon.
Negative Homeostatic mechanism
Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid.
Materials secreted from the cell
Most are packaged by the Golgi.
Cell in hypertonic solution
It will shrink.
Lack of energy organelles
Mitochondria.
Sulfur atoms in
None of these (lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins).
Movement across cell membrane
Most is controlled by proteins.
Ray-Sachs disease
Due to a problem of function in lysosomal enzymes.
Marker molecules
Membrane protein made of glycoproteins and glycolipids that allows cells to identify one
another or other molecules.
Cholesterol in cell membrane
Determines stiffness or strength.
Pinocytosis
Also called cell 'drinking'.
Voltage-gated ion channels
Integral proteins that open and close when there is a change in membrane potential.
Molecules movement by filtration
, Requires hydrostatic pressure.
Fluid mosaic model
Phospholipids make up the bilayer found in the cell membrane.
Vesicles formation
Commonly formed from the cell membrane.
Common acids
Vinegar, grapes, tomato, coffee.
Characteristics of enzymes
They are most active above 53 degrees.
Bone remodeling
Occurs throughout life as osteoclasts resorb bone tissue and osteoblasts replace the
bone.
Dermal Papillae
Nipple-like folds that shape the epidermis into fingerprints.
Proliferation
Zone of the epiphyseal plate where new cartilage is produced as chondrocytes divide.
Bone lengthening
Results from increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
Sacroiliac joint
Specific joint that may be the problem in posterior hip pain.
Pseudostratified
Type of epithelial tissue found in the trachea and bronchioles.
Transitional tissue
Allows the organs of the urinary system to expand without damage.
Apocrine glands
Glands that release a portion of themselves during secretion.
Merocrine glands
Glandular cells that do not lose any cytoplasm with each secretion.
Collagen fibers
Attribute flexible strength to bone.
Basale layer of epidermis
Only layer that can produce new cells.
Skin and vitamin
Aids in the manufacture of vitamin D.
Red bone marrow
Most of the blood cells in the body are made here.
Hyaline Cartilage
Covers most of the ends of the long bones.
Traumatic open comminuted fracture
Type of fracture where the bone is in fragments and part of the bone is sticking out of
the skin.
Changes in Bob's scalp
Fewer functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands account for the observations.
Pericardial sac
Location where membranes lining cavities and canals that open to the outside of the
body would not be found.
