NR 328 Final Exam Peds Study Guide
cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism) - ANSWER:A word from the past to classify infants who were not
exposed to sufficient quantities of thyroid hormone in utero
what can cause a infant to have cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism )? - ANSWER:1. insufficiency of
iodine in mothers diet
2. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism
what sign will the child show at birth associated with cretinism/congenital hypothyroidism ? -
ANSWER:1. Distinguished facial characteristics
2. Diminished growth
3. Mental retardation
Juvenile Hypothyroidism - ANSWER:known as the "good babies" because always quiet and sleepy they
have decrease growth ,constipation,
in myxedematous changes
dry skin and sparse hair
periorbital edema
Iodine deficiency - ANSWER:is the most preventable form of brain damage
Reye's syndrome - ANSWER:is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain
which causes liver dysfunction and cerebral edema
Reyes syndrome is most common in ? - ANSWER:Children and teenager (4-12) who have or are
recovering from chicken pox or flu like symptoms receiving ASPIRIN!!!
Patients who have Reyes syndrome should not use? - ANSWER:Aspirin
Reyes syndrome is ? - ANSWER:idiopathic
Since the liver is dysfunctional in Reyes syndrome - - ANSWER:Ammonia build up because your liver is
not filtering out the toxins so it can pass the blood barrier in the brain causing encephalopathy
,Reye's Syndrome symptoms - ANSWER:-Vomiting,
-Alter mental status
-absence fever
-Rash on palms of hands and feet, seizures
-weak or diminished reflexes, cerebral edema
-increase LIVER ENZYMES
-increased AMMONIA LEVELS
-increased ptt because the liver plays a role in clotting
-glycogen problem ( glycogen to convert to glucose problem and vice versa )
Reye's Syndrome treatment - ANSWER:-Ondansetron may be given to decrease vomiting.
-Seizure: phenytoin
-Decrease ICP give Mannitol
**but iv fluids for the most part careful monitoring and supportive care
Reye's syndrome (RS) diagnosis - ANSWER:LIVER biopsy and CSF analysis ( because it deals with the brain
being enlarged )
cerebral palsy (CP) - ANSWER:condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis,
caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
,**Although PT might have this 40-60% have normal IQ's
cerebral palsy can cause what other problem/complication- - ANSWER:can cause abnormal perception
and sensation: such as Visual ,hearing ,and speech impairment :seizure and cognitive disabilities
depending on what part of the brain is damaged
**use manual jaw control because lower jaw is weak during feeding
cerebral palsy (CP) usually happens when ? - ANSWER:usually happens before birth from prenatal care
and things such as radiation ,infection and hypoxia ( placental insufficiency )
If cerebral palsy does happen at birth when does it happen? - ANSWER:-Post Birth
* head trauma
* infection
* hypoxia
Cerebral palsy - ANSWER:Doesn't progressive overtime **meaning it doesn't get worse*
non progressive
cerebral palsy (CP) is classified by movements - ANSWER:{Spastic} - most common 70% of cases
- tightness and stiff muscle
-jerky movement because Gaba isn't inhibited which causes over excited leading to hypertonia and
"scissor gait"(knees rubbing)
{Dyskinetic} or Athemoid:
involuntarily movement
-Dystonia : Random slow movement which are uncontrolled movements and limb/trunk,
-Chorea : Random "dance-like" movement
, -Ataxic :
without order
- uncoordinated shaky
-poor ability to do repetitive movements
cerebral palsy symptoms - ANSWER:Chronic, static impairment of muscles
from birth
-Limb spasticity, weakness, paralysis (MC)
-Ataxia (loss of control of movements)
-Dystonia
Often with:
-seizures
-mental retardation
-speech problems
-vision problems
-hearing problems
-tight muscles
-abnormal posture
-stiff joints
-eating problems
-learning disability
Cerebral Palsy
Treatment - ANSWER:-support because non curable
-Specialist such as neurologist , occupational , speech, physical therapist
-Muscle relaxant
cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism) - ANSWER:A word from the past to classify infants who were not
exposed to sufficient quantities of thyroid hormone in utero
what can cause a infant to have cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism )? - ANSWER:1. insufficiency of
iodine in mothers diet
2. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism
what sign will the child show at birth associated with cretinism/congenital hypothyroidism ? -
ANSWER:1. Distinguished facial characteristics
2. Diminished growth
3. Mental retardation
Juvenile Hypothyroidism - ANSWER:known as the "good babies" because always quiet and sleepy they
have decrease growth ,constipation,
in myxedematous changes
dry skin and sparse hair
periorbital edema
Iodine deficiency - ANSWER:is the most preventable form of brain damage
Reye's syndrome - ANSWER:is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain
which causes liver dysfunction and cerebral edema
Reyes syndrome is most common in ? - ANSWER:Children and teenager (4-12) who have or are
recovering from chicken pox or flu like symptoms receiving ASPIRIN!!!
Patients who have Reyes syndrome should not use? - ANSWER:Aspirin
Reyes syndrome is ? - ANSWER:idiopathic
Since the liver is dysfunctional in Reyes syndrome - - ANSWER:Ammonia build up because your liver is
not filtering out the toxins so it can pass the blood barrier in the brain causing encephalopathy
,Reye's Syndrome symptoms - ANSWER:-Vomiting,
-Alter mental status
-absence fever
-Rash on palms of hands and feet, seizures
-weak or diminished reflexes, cerebral edema
-increase LIVER ENZYMES
-increased AMMONIA LEVELS
-increased ptt because the liver plays a role in clotting
-glycogen problem ( glycogen to convert to glucose problem and vice versa )
Reye's Syndrome treatment - ANSWER:-Ondansetron may be given to decrease vomiting.
-Seizure: phenytoin
-Decrease ICP give Mannitol
**but iv fluids for the most part careful monitoring and supportive care
Reye's syndrome (RS) diagnosis - ANSWER:LIVER biopsy and CSF analysis ( because it deals with the brain
being enlarged )
cerebral palsy (CP) - ANSWER:condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis,
caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
,**Although PT might have this 40-60% have normal IQ's
cerebral palsy can cause what other problem/complication- - ANSWER:can cause abnormal perception
and sensation: such as Visual ,hearing ,and speech impairment :seizure and cognitive disabilities
depending on what part of the brain is damaged
**use manual jaw control because lower jaw is weak during feeding
cerebral palsy (CP) usually happens when ? - ANSWER:usually happens before birth from prenatal care
and things such as radiation ,infection and hypoxia ( placental insufficiency )
If cerebral palsy does happen at birth when does it happen? - ANSWER:-Post Birth
* head trauma
* infection
* hypoxia
Cerebral palsy - ANSWER:Doesn't progressive overtime **meaning it doesn't get worse*
non progressive
cerebral palsy (CP) is classified by movements - ANSWER:{Spastic} - most common 70% of cases
- tightness and stiff muscle
-jerky movement because Gaba isn't inhibited which causes over excited leading to hypertonia and
"scissor gait"(knees rubbing)
{Dyskinetic} or Athemoid:
involuntarily movement
-Dystonia : Random slow movement which are uncontrolled movements and limb/trunk,
-Chorea : Random "dance-like" movement
, -Ataxic :
without order
- uncoordinated shaky
-poor ability to do repetitive movements
cerebral palsy symptoms - ANSWER:Chronic, static impairment of muscles
from birth
-Limb spasticity, weakness, paralysis (MC)
-Ataxia (loss of control of movements)
-Dystonia
Often with:
-seizures
-mental retardation
-speech problems
-vision problems
-hearing problems
-tight muscles
-abnormal posture
-stiff joints
-eating problems
-learning disability
Cerebral Palsy
Treatment - ANSWER:-support because non curable
-Specialist such as neurologist , occupational , speech, physical therapist
-Muscle relaxant
