ISCD Prep Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions 2024
Osteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-A jskeletal jdisorder jcharacterized jby jcompromised jbone
jstrength jpredisposing jto jan jincreased jrisk jof jfracture. jBone jstrength= jbone
jdensity jand jbone jquality
Osteoprosis jT-score j- jANS✓✓-<-2.5
Osteopenia j- jANS✓✓-Low jbone jmass. jThis jterm jrefers jto ja jdecrease jin jbone
jdensity jthat, jalthough jtoo jlow jto jbe jcalled jnormal, jis jnot jlow jenough jto jbe
jconsidered josteoporotic.
Osteopenia jT-score j- jANS✓✓-between j-1.1 jand j-2.5
Normal jT-score j- jANS✓✓-> j-1
T-score jdefinition j- jANS✓✓-A jvalue jin jbone jdensity jused jprimarily jfor jthe
jdiagnosis jof josteoporosis. jIt jis ja jpatient's jmeasure jof jthe jnumber jof jstandard
jdeviations jfrom jthe jmean jat jwhich jpeak jbone jdensity jis jachieved.
Z-score jdefinition j- jANS✓✓-The jZ-score jis ja jmeasure jof jdeviation jfrom jthe
jreference jpopulation jexpressed jin junits jof jthe jpopulation's jstandard jdeviation.
jThe jage jmatched jZ-score jindicates jhow jmuch jthe jpatient jdeviates jfrom jthe
jmean jage jmatched jvalues.
Peak jBone jMass j- jANS✓✓-A jconcept jthat jbone jmass jhas ja jmaximal jlevel
jgiven joptimal jconditions. jPeak jbone jmass jis jbelieved jto jbe jcontrolled jby
jgenetic jfactors j(age, jsex, jand jbody jsize) jand jsignificantly jimpacted jby
jenvironmental jfactors j(nutrition, jexercise, jand jgeneral jhealth). jThe jconcept jof
jpeak jbone jmass jis jimportant jto jthe jstudy jof jbone jdisease jin jthat jif jan
jindividual jachieves jmaximal j(peak) jbone jmass, jthey jmay jreduce jthe jrisk jof
josteoporosis. jThough jto jbe jreached jin j20's-30's.
Type j1 jPrimary josteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-A jCategory jof josteoporosis jthat
jincludes jpostmeno jor jType jI jsenile jor jType jII jand jidiopathic josteoporosis
Type j2 jPrimary josteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-This jcondition jresults jfrom jthe
jcumulative jeffects jof jgradual jloss jof jboth jtrabecular jand jcompact jbone jthat
, joccurs jwith jaging. jType j2 jprimary josteoporosis jdevelops jmore jslowly jthan
jtype j1 jand jis jusually jnot japparent juntil jage j75 jor jlater. jAs jwith jall jage-related
jchanges, jit jis jprobably jdue jto jseveral jfactors.
Secondary josteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-A jclassification jused jto jindicate jthat jbone
jloss jis jthe jresult jof ja jdisease jother jthan jhormone jdeficiency jor jaging.
Bone jmineral jcontent j(BMC) j- jANS✓✓-The jamount jof jmineral jin ja jbone.
jAlthough jthis jis jdifferent jfrom jbone jdensity, jthe jterms jare joften jused
jinterchangeably.
Bone jmineral jdensity j(BMD) j- jANS✓✓-The jquantity jcalculated jby jdividing jthe
jmeasured jbone jmineral jcontent jby jthe jmeasured jbone jarea jin jdensitometry
jstudy. jThe jbone jmineral jdensity jcarries juntis jof jgrams jper jsquare jcentimeter
jand jis jmost joften jcompared jto jreference jpopulation jvalues.
LSC j- jLeast jsignificant jchange j- jANS✓✓-The jleast jamount jof jBMD jchange jthat
jcan jbe jconsidered jstatistically jsignificant. jThe jISCD jrecommends jcalculating
jthis jfor ja j95% jconfidence jlevel, jwhich jis jdone jby jmultiplying jthe jprecision
jerror jby j2.77.
Bone jFunction j- jANS✓✓-to jmove, jsupport jand jprotect jthe jvarious jorgans jof
jthe jbody
to jproduce jred jand jwhite jblood jcells jand jstore jminerals
Bone jtissue j- jANS✓✓-Dense jconnective jtissue- jLightweight jyet jstrong jand
jhard. jMineralized josseous jtissue j(bone jtissue) jgives jrigidity jand ja jhoneycomb-
like j3-D jinternal jstructure.
Tissue jtypes jinclude: jmarrow, jendosteum, jperiosteum, jnerves, jblood jvessels,
jand jcartilage.
# jBones jin jadult jhuman j- jANS✓✓-206
# jBones jin jinfant j- jANS✓✓-270
11 jMain jfunctions jof jBone j- jANS✓✓-1.Mechanical
2. jProtection jex. jskull-brain, jRibs- jheart, jlungs
3.Shape- jframework jfor jsupport
4. jMovement- jbones, jmuscles, jtendons, jligaments, jand jjoints
5. jSound jtransduction
6. jSynthetic
7. jBlood jProduction- jmarrow jin jmedullary jcavity jof jlong jbones jand jinterstices
jof jcancellous jbone, jproduces jblood jcells jby jhaematopoiesis
8.Metabolic
9.Mineral jStorage- jesp. jcalcium jand jphosphorus
Complete Solutions 2024
Osteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-A jskeletal jdisorder jcharacterized jby jcompromised jbone
jstrength jpredisposing jto jan jincreased jrisk jof jfracture. jBone jstrength= jbone
jdensity jand jbone jquality
Osteoprosis jT-score j- jANS✓✓-<-2.5
Osteopenia j- jANS✓✓-Low jbone jmass. jThis jterm jrefers jto ja jdecrease jin jbone
jdensity jthat, jalthough jtoo jlow jto jbe jcalled jnormal, jis jnot jlow jenough jto jbe
jconsidered josteoporotic.
Osteopenia jT-score j- jANS✓✓-between j-1.1 jand j-2.5
Normal jT-score j- jANS✓✓-> j-1
T-score jdefinition j- jANS✓✓-A jvalue jin jbone jdensity jused jprimarily jfor jthe
jdiagnosis jof josteoporosis. jIt jis ja jpatient's jmeasure jof jthe jnumber jof jstandard
jdeviations jfrom jthe jmean jat jwhich jpeak jbone jdensity jis jachieved.
Z-score jdefinition j- jANS✓✓-The jZ-score jis ja jmeasure jof jdeviation jfrom jthe
jreference jpopulation jexpressed jin junits jof jthe jpopulation's jstandard jdeviation.
jThe jage jmatched jZ-score jindicates jhow jmuch jthe jpatient jdeviates jfrom jthe
jmean jage jmatched jvalues.
Peak jBone jMass j- jANS✓✓-A jconcept jthat jbone jmass jhas ja jmaximal jlevel
jgiven joptimal jconditions. jPeak jbone jmass jis jbelieved jto jbe jcontrolled jby
jgenetic jfactors j(age, jsex, jand jbody jsize) jand jsignificantly jimpacted jby
jenvironmental jfactors j(nutrition, jexercise, jand jgeneral jhealth). jThe jconcept jof
jpeak jbone jmass jis jimportant jto jthe jstudy jof jbone jdisease jin jthat jif jan
jindividual jachieves jmaximal j(peak) jbone jmass, jthey jmay jreduce jthe jrisk jof
josteoporosis. jThough jto jbe jreached jin j20's-30's.
Type j1 jPrimary josteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-A jCategory jof josteoporosis jthat
jincludes jpostmeno jor jType jI jsenile jor jType jII jand jidiopathic josteoporosis
Type j2 jPrimary josteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-This jcondition jresults jfrom jthe
jcumulative jeffects jof jgradual jloss jof jboth jtrabecular jand jcompact jbone jthat
, joccurs jwith jaging. jType j2 jprimary josteoporosis jdevelops jmore jslowly jthan
jtype j1 jand jis jusually jnot japparent juntil jage j75 jor jlater. jAs jwith jall jage-related
jchanges, jit jis jprobably jdue jto jseveral jfactors.
Secondary josteoporosis j- jANS✓✓-A jclassification jused jto jindicate jthat jbone
jloss jis jthe jresult jof ja jdisease jother jthan jhormone jdeficiency jor jaging.
Bone jmineral jcontent j(BMC) j- jANS✓✓-The jamount jof jmineral jin ja jbone.
jAlthough jthis jis jdifferent jfrom jbone jdensity, jthe jterms jare joften jused
jinterchangeably.
Bone jmineral jdensity j(BMD) j- jANS✓✓-The jquantity jcalculated jby jdividing jthe
jmeasured jbone jmineral jcontent jby jthe jmeasured jbone jarea jin jdensitometry
jstudy. jThe jbone jmineral jdensity jcarries juntis jof jgrams jper jsquare jcentimeter
jand jis jmost joften jcompared jto jreference jpopulation jvalues.
LSC j- jLeast jsignificant jchange j- jANS✓✓-The jleast jamount jof jBMD jchange jthat
jcan jbe jconsidered jstatistically jsignificant. jThe jISCD jrecommends jcalculating
jthis jfor ja j95% jconfidence jlevel, jwhich jis jdone jby jmultiplying jthe jprecision
jerror jby j2.77.
Bone jFunction j- jANS✓✓-to jmove, jsupport jand jprotect jthe jvarious jorgans jof
jthe jbody
to jproduce jred jand jwhite jblood jcells jand jstore jminerals
Bone jtissue j- jANS✓✓-Dense jconnective jtissue- jLightweight jyet jstrong jand
jhard. jMineralized josseous jtissue j(bone jtissue) jgives jrigidity jand ja jhoneycomb-
like j3-D jinternal jstructure.
Tissue jtypes jinclude: jmarrow, jendosteum, jperiosteum, jnerves, jblood jvessels,
jand jcartilage.
# jBones jin jadult jhuman j- jANS✓✓-206
# jBones jin jinfant j- jANS✓✓-270
11 jMain jfunctions jof jBone j- jANS✓✓-1.Mechanical
2. jProtection jex. jskull-brain, jRibs- jheart, jlungs
3.Shape- jframework jfor jsupport
4. jMovement- jbones, jmuscles, jtendons, jligaments, jand jjoints
5. jSound jtransduction
6. jSynthetic
7. jBlood jProduction- jmarrow jin jmedullary jcavity jof jlong jbones jand jinterstices
jof jcancellous jbone, jproduces jblood jcells jby jhaematopoiesis
8.Metabolic
9.Mineral jStorage- jesp. jcalcium jand jphosphorus
