Straighterline Sociology Final Exam Notes – Questions
With Solutions (Ultimate Exam Prep Guide)
Sociology Right Ans - The scientific study of social behavior and human
groups
Sociological Imagination Right Ans - An awareness of the relationship
between an individual and the wider society
Socialization Right Ans - Which people learn the attitudes, values, and
behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture
Agents of socialization Right Ans - Family, School, Peer Group, Mass Media
and Technology, Workplace
Sociological Theory Right Ans - In sociology, a theory is a set of statements
that seeks to explain problems, actions or behavior
Culture Right Ans - The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs,
knowledge, material objects, and behavior
Society Right Ans - The largest human group
Subculture Right Ans - A segment of society that shares a distinctive
pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the
larger society
Counterculture Right Ans - When a subculture deliberately opposes certain
aspects of the larger culture
Ethnocentrism Right Ans - The tendency to assume that one's own culture
and the way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
Ex. the ethnocentric person sees his or her group as the center of culture and
views all other cultures as "normal"
Ascribed Status Right Ans - A social position assigned to a person by
society without regard for the person's unique talents and characteristics
,Achieved Status Right Ans - A social position that a person attains largely
through his or her own efforts
Primary Group Right Ans - A small group characterized by face-to-face
association and cooperation
Secondary Group Right Ans - A formal, impersonal group in which there is
a little social intimacy or mutual understanding
In-group Right Ans - Any group or category to which people feel they
belong
Out-group Right Ans - A group or category to which people feel they do not
belong
Reference Group Right Ans - Any group that individuals use as a standard
for evaluating themselves and their own behavior
Statuses Right Ans - Ascribed Status, Achieved Status, and Master Status
Role Conflict Right Ans - Occurs when incompatible expectations arise
from two or more social positions held by the same person
Role Strain Right Ans - To describe the difficulty that arises when the same
social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations
Role Exit Right Ans - To describe the process of disengagement from a role
that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and
identity
Groups Right Ans - Any number of people with similar norms, values, and
expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis
Social Networks Right Ans - A series of social relationships that link a
person directly to others, and through them indirectly to still more people
Functionalist Perspective Right Ans - A sociological approach that
emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain
its stability
,Conflict Perspective Right Ans - A sociological approach that assumes that
social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over
power or the allocation of resources including housing, money, access to
services, and political representation
Interactionist Perspective Right Ans - A sociological approach that
generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain
society as a whole
Extended Family Right Ans - A family in which relatives( grandparents,
aunts, or uncles) live in the same house as parents and their children
Patrilineal Descent Right Ans - Only the father's relatives are significant in
terms of property, inheritance and emotional ties
Matrilineal Descent Right Ans - Only the mother's relatives are significant
Maternal Descent Right Ans - Both sides of a person's family are regarded
ad equally important
Egalitarian Family Right Ans - Spouses are regarded as equals
Government Right Ans - The authority that sets rules for a society
Capitalism Right Ans - An economic system in which the means of
production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for
economic activity is the accumulation of profits
Socialism Right Ans - The means of production and distribution in a society
are collectively rather than privately owned
Communism Right Ans - Refers to an economic system under which all
property is owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's
ability to produce
Informal Economy Right Ans - Transfers money, goods, or services take
place but are not reported to the government
, Stratification Right Ans - A structured ranking of entire groups of people
that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society.
Absolute Power Right Ans - Refers to a minimum level of subsistence that
no family should be expected to live below
Relative Poverty Right Ans - A floating standard of deprivation by which
people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be
disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole.
Collective Behavior Right Ans - the relatively spontaneous and
unstructured behavior of a group of people who are reacting to a common
influence in a ambiguous situation
Quantitative Research Right Ans - Which collects and reports data
primarily in numerical form
Qualitative Research Right Ans - Which relies on what is seen in field and
naturalistic settings, and often focuses on small groups and communities
rather than on large groups or whole nations
Anthropology (Physical) Right Ans - Studies human origins and evolution.
Stresses the biological characteristics of human beings, as well as their
behavior. This study does not include contemporary human life.
Anthropology (Cultural) Right Ans - Studies cultural variations in time and
space. Closest to sociology, but the emphasis is on simple, non-literate
cultures, not contemporary industrialized societies.
Psychology Right Ans - Studies individual human behavior. Rather than
study human groups and behaviors within groups, psychologists study
individual human (and animal) personality and development
Economics Right Ans - Focuses on the production, distribution, and
consumption of wealth
Microsociology Right Ans - Focuses on the detailed study of what people
say, do and think about as they go about their everyday lives
Ex. a man and woman converse at a bus stop
With Solutions (Ultimate Exam Prep Guide)
Sociology Right Ans - The scientific study of social behavior and human
groups
Sociological Imagination Right Ans - An awareness of the relationship
between an individual and the wider society
Socialization Right Ans - Which people learn the attitudes, values, and
behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture
Agents of socialization Right Ans - Family, School, Peer Group, Mass Media
and Technology, Workplace
Sociological Theory Right Ans - In sociology, a theory is a set of statements
that seeks to explain problems, actions or behavior
Culture Right Ans - The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs,
knowledge, material objects, and behavior
Society Right Ans - The largest human group
Subculture Right Ans - A segment of society that shares a distinctive
pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the
larger society
Counterculture Right Ans - When a subculture deliberately opposes certain
aspects of the larger culture
Ethnocentrism Right Ans - The tendency to assume that one's own culture
and the way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
Ex. the ethnocentric person sees his or her group as the center of culture and
views all other cultures as "normal"
Ascribed Status Right Ans - A social position assigned to a person by
society without regard for the person's unique talents and characteristics
,Achieved Status Right Ans - A social position that a person attains largely
through his or her own efforts
Primary Group Right Ans - A small group characterized by face-to-face
association and cooperation
Secondary Group Right Ans - A formal, impersonal group in which there is
a little social intimacy or mutual understanding
In-group Right Ans - Any group or category to which people feel they
belong
Out-group Right Ans - A group or category to which people feel they do not
belong
Reference Group Right Ans - Any group that individuals use as a standard
for evaluating themselves and their own behavior
Statuses Right Ans - Ascribed Status, Achieved Status, and Master Status
Role Conflict Right Ans - Occurs when incompatible expectations arise
from two or more social positions held by the same person
Role Strain Right Ans - To describe the difficulty that arises when the same
social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations
Role Exit Right Ans - To describe the process of disengagement from a role
that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and
identity
Groups Right Ans - Any number of people with similar norms, values, and
expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis
Social Networks Right Ans - A series of social relationships that link a
person directly to others, and through them indirectly to still more people
Functionalist Perspective Right Ans - A sociological approach that
emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain
its stability
,Conflict Perspective Right Ans - A sociological approach that assumes that
social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over
power or the allocation of resources including housing, money, access to
services, and political representation
Interactionist Perspective Right Ans - A sociological approach that
generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain
society as a whole
Extended Family Right Ans - A family in which relatives( grandparents,
aunts, or uncles) live in the same house as parents and their children
Patrilineal Descent Right Ans - Only the father's relatives are significant in
terms of property, inheritance and emotional ties
Matrilineal Descent Right Ans - Only the mother's relatives are significant
Maternal Descent Right Ans - Both sides of a person's family are regarded
ad equally important
Egalitarian Family Right Ans - Spouses are regarded as equals
Government Right Ans - The authority that sets rules for a society
Capitalism Right Ans - An economic system in which the means of
production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for
economic activity is the accumulation of profits
Socialism Right Ans - The means of production and distribution in a society
are collectively rather than privately owned
Communism Right Ans - Refers to an economic system under which all
property is owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's
ability to produce
Informal Economy Right Ans - Transfers money, goods, or services take
place but are not reported to the government
, Stratification Right Ans - A structured ranking of entire groups of people
that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society.
Absolute Power Right Ans - Refers to a minimum level of subsistence that
no family should be expected to live below
Relative Poverty Right Ans - A floating standard of deprivation by which
people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be
disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole.
Collective Behavior Right Ans - the relatively spontaneous and
unstructured behavior of a group of people who are reacting to a common
influence in a ambiguous situation
Quantitative Research Right Ans - Which collects and reports data
primarily in numerical form
Qualitative Research Right Ans - Which relies on what is seen in field and
naturalistic settings, and often focuses on small groups and communities
rather than on large groups or whole nations
Anthropology (Physical) Right Ans - Studies human origins and evolution.
Stresses the biological characteristics of human beings, as well as their
behavior. This study does not include contemporary human life.
Anthropology (Cultural) Right Ans - Studies cultural variations in time and
space. Closest to sociology, but the emphasis is on simple, non-literate
cultures, not contemporary industrialized societies.
Psychology Right Ans - Studies individual human behavior. Rather than
study human groups and behaviors within groups, psychologists study
individual human (and animal) personality and development
Economics Right Ans - Focuses on the production, distribution, and
consumption of wealth
Microsociology Right Ans - Focuses on the detailed study of what people
say, do and think about as they go about their everyday lives
Ex. a man and woman converse at a bus stop
