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, hypocalcemia 8.5 - 10.2
- tetany
- muscle cramps
- trousseau's and chvosteks sign
- colicky abdominal pain
treating hypocalcemia - IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride (CENTRAL LINE)
- consider seizure precautions
- replace Mg in addition to Ca because pt might not respond to Ca treatment
hypercalcemia caused by
- cancers and hyperparathyroidism
- excessive Ca and Vit. D supplements
- muscle weakness
- depressed CNS (confusion)
- dysrhythmias (prolong QT, AV block)
- abdominal pain
treating hypercalcemia - administer IV NS to promote diuresis
- administer loop diuretics
- corticosteroids to decrease absorption from GI
- phosphates to decrease breakdown of bones by inhibiting release
- dialysis
hypomagnesemia - tetany
- weakness
- confusion
- ECG changes (wide QRS, prolong PR/QT)
treating hypomagnesemia - CPR
- magnesium