NPS EXAM PREVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(NEONATAL PEDIATRIC
SPECIALIST) LATETS UPDATE
What are the four cri-cal life func-ons listed in order of priority?
1. Ven-la-on - inhale o2, exhale co2
2. Oxygena-on - ge>ng o2 into the blood
3. Circula-on - heart bea-ng to move blood around to get o2 to all parts of
body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse -ssue to deliver oxygen to
body cells
What is the first step in pa-ent assessment?
Check the chart
What would be the next steps in pa-ent assessment?
History and physical exam and check radiographs
Which of the four cri-cal life func-ons are the first priority?
Ven-la-on
What is the defini-on of an emergency?
When one or more of the life func-ons are being threatened.
What assessments would measure how well a pa-ent is ven-la-ng?
Rr, breath sounds, -dal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a pa-ent is having a problem with oxygena-on?
Heart rate! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygena-ng. Color,
sensorium
How will you know if a pa-ent is circula-ng?
,What kind of pulse, capillary refill, cardiac output
What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing?
Blood pressure
What other ways can perfusion be measured?
Temperature, sensorium, urine output
What is the most common life func-on problem?
Oxygena-on
What is the first drug given to everybody?
Oxygen
What items should be reviewed in a pa-ent's chart before giving respiratory
therapy treatments?
Everything
What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child, adolescent?
Fetus = before birth
neonate = 0-1 month
infant = 1 month to 1 year
child = 1 year to puberty
adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most important electrolytes and what is their func-on?
Sodium, chloride, potassium
What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium, chloride, and
potassium?
Sodium = 133-149 meq/l
chloride = 87-114 meq/l
potassium = 5.3-6.4 meq/l
What is the normal urine output level for an infant?
2 ml/kg per hour
,What values are included in the cbc and what are the normal values?
Rbc = 4.1-5.7 mm3 wbc = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher
normal wbc)
hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6
g/dl
low on rbc = low on hemoglobin = oxygena-on affected
rbc x 3 = hemoglobin
hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin a
What is a coomb's test?
Incomapatabilty; rh factor; give rogham
What does bilirubin help to evaluate?
Peaks during pregnancy, aaer delivery rises aaer few days and then falls; if
baby jaundice = bilirubin problem
What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth?
4-5 mg/dl at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated?
Phototherapy
What is the normal glucose level for a term infant?
55-115 mg/dl
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn?
Infec-on or sepsis
What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn?
, Happens when mom is diabe-c; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
What procedure is required to obtain fluid for l/s ra-o measurement?
Amniocentesis; very invasive
What is the significance of an l/s ra-o of 1:1?
Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for rds
How long does it take to get the results of the shake test?
15 minutes
What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the shake test fluid?
Presence of mature surfactant
What informa-on is obtained from evalua-on of pg and pc levels?
Lung maturity levels
pg is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What factors in the maternal history would indicate a high risk pregnancy?
Current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine;
fetal alcohol syndrome; nutri-on; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabe-c mothers deliver?
Big babies; they look full term, but they aren't
What is the significance of a group b strep infec-on in the mother?
Can pass right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define para.
Number of pregnancies resul-ng in live birth
Define gravida.
Number of pregnancies
What is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and when does
this occur?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(NEONATAL PEDIATRIC
SPECIALIST) LATETS UPDATE
What are the four cri-cal life func-ons listed in order of priority?
1. Ven-la-on - inhale o2, exhale co2
2. Oxygena-on - ge>ng o2 into the blood
3. Circula-on - heart bea-ng to move blood around to get o2 to all parts of
body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse -ssue to deliver oxygen to
body cells
What is the first step in pa-ent assessment?
Check the chart
What would be the next steps in pa-ent assessment?
History and physical exam and check radiographs
Which of the four cri-cal life func-ons are the first priority?
Ven-la-on
What is the defini-on of an emergency?
When one or more of the life func-ons are being threatened.
What assessments would measure how well a pa-ent is ven-la-ng?
Rr, breath sounds, -dal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a pa-ent is having a problem with oxygena-on?
Heart rate! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygena-ng. Color,
sensorium
How will you know if a pa-ent is circula-ng?
,What kind of pulse, capillary refill, cardiac output
What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing?
Blood pressure
What other ways can perfusion be measured?
Temperature, sensorium, urine output
What is the most common life func-on problem?
Oxygena-on
What is the first drug given to everybody?
Oxygen
What items should be reviewed in a pa-ent's chart before giving respiratory
therapy treatments?
Everything
What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child, adolescent?
Fetus = before birth
neonate = 0-1 month
infant = 1 month to 1 year
child = 1 year to puberty
adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most important electrolytes and what is their func-on?
Sodium, chloride, potassium
What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium, chloride, and
potassium?
Sodium = 133-149 meq/l
chloride = 87-114 meq/l
potassium = 5.3-6.4 meq/l
What is the normal urine output level for an infant?
2 ml/kg per hour
,What values are included in the cbc and what are the normal values?
Rbc = 4.1-5.7 mm3 wbc = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher
normal wbc)
hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6
g/dl
low on rbc = low on hemoglobin = oxygena-on affected
rbc x 3 = hemoglobin
hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin a
What is a coomb's test?
Incomapatabilty; rh factor; give rogham
What does bilirubin help to evaluate?
Peaks during pregnancy, aaer delivery rises aaer few days and then falls; if
baby jaundice = bilirubin problem
What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth?
4-5 mg/dl at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated?
Phototherapy
What is the normal glucose level for a term infant?
55-115 mg/dl
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn?
Infec-on or sepsis
What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn?
, Happens when mom is diabe-c; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
What procedure is required to obtain fluid for l/s ra-o measurement?
Amniocentesis; very invasive
What is the significance of an l/s ra-o of 1:1?
Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for rds
How long does it take to get the results of the shake test?
15 minutes
What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the shake test fluid?
Presence of mature surfactant
What informa-on is obtained from evalua-on of pg and pc levels?
Lung maturity levels
pg is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What factors in the maternal history would indicate a high risk pregnancy?
Current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine;
fetal alcohol syndrome; nutri-on; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabe-c mothers deliver?
Big babies; they look full term, but they aren't
What is the significance of a group b strep infec-on in the mother?
Can pass right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define para.
Number of pregnancies resul-ng in live birth
Define gravida.
Number of pregnancies
What is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and when does
this occur?
