ENGR 482 Test 1 Practice Questions and Answer

ENGR 482 Test 1 Practice Questions and Answers Which of the following is true of utilitarianism? - Ans:-whether an act is permissible depends on the consequences it brings about Which of the following are important distinctions for contemporary utilitarians? Choose all that apply. - Ans:-act vs. rule utilitarianism particular acts vs. act types expected vs. actual consequences How might a utilitarian respond to a situation in which one is faced with a choice whether to tell a lie? - Ans:-if the consequences of the lie are on the whole better than those of telling the truth, then lying is the right course of action According to the utilitarian calculus, the consequence that an action poses to future generations can outweigh those facing individuals in the present time. - Ans:-True What is the essential determiner of moral value for utilitarians? - Ans:-sentience ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/23 Most contemporary utilitarians think act types, rather than particular acts, should be evaluated morally. - Ans:-False Classic hedonistic act utilitarianism holds that only happiness is good for its own sake and that acts are right insofar as no alternative act could bring about more of this good. - Ans:-True What does it mean to say that Bentham's hedonistic utilitarian theory is additive? - Ans:-the focus is on the total sum of good produced, not the manner in which that good is distributed Which of the following is NOT true of preference utilitarianism? - Ans:-because the focus is on individual preferences, the type of utilitarianism is considered a relativist theory When using the line-drawing technique marking the most important features assists with the final decision. - Ans:-True A hallmark example of a certain concept or moral issue is called a ________. - Ans:-paradigm Most moral issues encountered in the workplace closely resemble a paradigm. - Ans:-False In the line-drawing technique, the indisputable cases used for comparison are called paradigms, while the issue under consideration is called the _________. - Ans:-test case Deciding whether a particular case is an incident of extortion is an example of - Ans:-an application issue. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/23 Determining what is meant by the term "bribe" requires the resolution of a _____ issue, while the question of whether Denise should accept the gift if it isn't a bribe is a _____ issue. - Ans:-conceptual moral Determining whether engineer Alex should accept tickets to a sporting event from a prospective contractor is an example of - Ans:-a moral issue. Which of the following statements is true of the line-drawing technique? - Ans:-When analyzing cases, sometimes one must make assumptions that, if they were made differently, would alter the conclusion from the technique. Kant believed that persons should rely on their emotions in order to develop a sense of duty. - Ans:- False According to Kantian ethics, morality is based on: - Ans:-The purity of the will In Kant's terminology, the word 'will' means... - Ans:-a faculty that animates our bodily actions Who of the following was a leading progenitor of duty ethics? - Ans:-Immanuel Kant Which of the following is true of Immanuel Kant's theory of duty ethics? - Ans:-the responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings, by nature of their rationality ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/23 A maxim can contradict the categorical imperative while at the same time be consistent with reason. - Ans:-False Kant believed that fundamental moral principles must be fluid to respond to the different situations people encounter. - Ans:-False Which of the following statements can be ascribed to duty? Choose all that apply. - Ans:-Duty informs us of what we should do in each situation. A will is good only when it is aligned with duty. Duty is obedience to the moral law. A good will is motivated by duty alone, not self-interest, moods, or appetites. - Ans:-True What is the essential difference between a priori and a posteriori knowledge? - Ans:-the former is gained independent of experience, while the latter is dependent of experience The will cannot be trained to overcome one's inclinations, such as envy or greed. - Ans:-False Whistle-blowing is the most extreme form of... - Ans:-preventive ethics. What percentage of the NSPE Code of Ethics could be considered prohibitive? - Ans:-80% An engineer's duty to confidentiality may only be violated when the law demands it. - Ans:-False ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/23 By seeking to minimize harm that could result from the use of technology, we are employing _____ ethics - Ans:-preventive Engineer Paola is going overseas to help improve the sewage system in rural communities is an example of _____ ethics. - Ans:-aspirational An engineer should report any company misconduct to the proper authorities is an example of _____ ethics. - Ans:-preventive An engineer must not accept bribes is an example of _____ ethics. - Ans:-prohibitive Our extraordinarily high gross domestic product led the US to the top of the list of countries in terms of life satisfaction. - Ans:-False In more industrialized countries, the rate of depression is lower in groups for whom wealth and technology is less of a priority, such as the Amish. - Ans:-True There is considerable evidence that income and material possessions always increase the happiness and well-being of an individual. - Ans:-False Which of the following pairs represents two opposing approaches to well-being? - Ans:-subjectivism and objectivism "Capabilities" refers to the ability of people to engage in certain activities, thereby leading the kind of life they value. - Ans:-True ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 6/23 Which canon in the NSPE Code of Ethics did William LeMessurier disobey, or come closest to disobeying, in the Citicorp case? a. Perform services only in areas of their competence. b. Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. c. Avoid deceptive acts. d. Give proper credit to others for their intellectual property. e. Honor confidentiality. - Ans:-c Which ethical analysis can be used to defend William LeMes