SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
Medical Dosage Calculations A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Updated Edition, 11th
edition June L. Olsen, Anthony Giangrasso, Dolores Shrimptonv
Chapter 1-12 With Exam(1 2)
Chapter 1 Review of Arithmetic for Medical Dosage Calculations
3
Chapter Overview 5 ÷ 23
4
Chapter 1 reviews the arithmetic concepts needed for the rest of the textbook. It covers
the basics of whole numbers, fractions, decimal numbers, and percents and includes a
Diagnostic Test to evaluate the student’s knowledge of the arithmetic required for
medical dosage calculation. This chapter can be omitted for those students who are
proficient in basic arithmetic.
Instructor’s Notes
The Diagnostic Test may be used in a number of ways. It can be given at the
beginning of the first class, and the teacher or students themselves can grade the
test whose answers can be found in Appendix A of the textbook. The Diagnostic
Test results can then be used to initiate a discussion of those areas of arithmetic in
which the students show weakness.
This chapter can also be assigned as independent study. Students can take the
Diagnostic Test and then review those sections of the chapter that need review.
Subsequent class meetings could address areas of student concern.
The teacher could first present a review of basic arithmetic following the flow of
topics and examples in the chapter, and then assign the Diagnostic Test for
homework.
, Rather than covering all the topics in this chapter, the instructor might choose to
review only those topics with which the students might not be familiar. These could
include ratios, complex fractions, percent of change, and the three methods of
rounding (rounding off, down, and up).
Calculator keystroke sequences are provided to help students improve their
calculator proficiency. Students should be encouraged to work the problems by
hand, and then check their answers on a calculator.
Formationfrommonosaccharides(e.g.,sucrose,lactose)andbiologicalsignificance.**Polysaccharides**:Structure(e.g.,starch,glycogen,cellulose),functionasenerg
ystorage(starch,glycogen)andstructuralsupport(cellulose).**Lipids**:Examinationoflipids,including:**FatsandOils**:Structure(triglycerides),functionasenergystor
ageandinsulation.**Phospholipids**:Structure,roleincellmembranes(phospholipidbilayer),andamphipathicnature.**Steroids**:Structure(e.g.,cholesterol),rolesas
hormones(e.g.,estrogen,testosterone)andmembranecomponents.**Proteins**:In-
depthcoverageofproteins,including:**AminoAcids**:Structureofaminoacids,classification(essentialvs.non-
essential),androleasproteinbuildingblocks.**ProteinStructure**:Levelsofproteinstructure(primary,secondary,tertiary,quaternary)andfactorsinfluencingproteinfold
ing.**ProteinFunctions**:Rolesofproteinsasenzymes(catalysts),structuralcomponents(e.g.,collagen,keratin),antibodies,transportproteins,andhormones.**Nuclei
cAcids**:Explorationofnucleicacids,focusingon:**DNA**:Structure(doublehelix),nucleotidecomponents(adenine,thymine,cytosine,guanine),andfunctionasgeneti
cmaterial,replication,andinheritance.**RNA**:TypesofRNA(messengerRNA,transferRNA,ribosomalRNA),rolesinproteinsynthesis(transcription,translation),andg
eneexpressionregulation.**ChemicalDiversityandFunctionality**:Discussiononthechemicaldiversitywithineachclassoforganicmoleculesandtheirdiversefunctionsi
ncellularprocesses,metabolism,andmaintaininghomeostasis.**InteractionsandBiologicalSignificance**:Emphasisoninteractionsbetweendifferentclassesoforgani
cmoleculesandtheirintegrationintocomplexbiologicalsystemstosupportlifeprocesses.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyco
nceptsrelatedtotheorganicmoleculesoflife,reinforcingunderstandingoftheirstructures,functions,androlesinbiologicalprocesses.Chapter3providesacomprehensiv
eoverviewoftheorganicmoleculesessentialforlife,layingthegroundworkforunderstandingtheirbiochemicalproperties,biologicalfunctions,andcontributionstocellular
andorganismalbiology.Itservesasacrucialfoundationforfurtherexplorationintocellularstructureandfunction,genetics,andphysiologicalmechanismscoveredinsubs
equentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter3,feelfreetoa
sk!Chapter4:InsidetheCellChapter4of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"InsidetheCell,"typicallyfocusesonthestructureandfunct
ionsofcells,whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,t
heirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,c
omposition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspendedwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,rib
osomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondr
ia,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgiapparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures
,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularprocesses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellular
componentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.
**CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps
Try These for Practice problems are designed to be done in class but may be
designated for homework.
The Exercises and/or Additional Exercises can be given as homework or as in-
class assignments. The answers to the Try These for Practice, and Exercises are in
, Appendix A of the textbook. Answers for Additional Exercises are not in the textbook
for the instructor who prefers to give homework without answers provided.
The answers to Additional Exercises are in this Instructor’s Resource Manual.
Key Terms
approximate answer
canceling
complex fraction
denominator
improper fraction
numerator
percentage
percent of change
rounding down
rounding up
rounding off
percentage
rate
ratio
truncating
Answers to Chapter 1 Additional Exercises
11
1.
20
2. 8
, 1
3. 1
3
11
4.
28
5. 40
3
6. 1
5
1
7.
6
8. 0.37
9. 0.64
10. 6.7
11. 0.015
12. 0.21
13. 0.457
14. 0.0228
15. 2.8
16. 0.8
17. 0.9
18. 0.0625
19. 0.009
20. 1.50
21. 0.47
22. 4.7
23. 2.6
Medical Dosage Calculations A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Updated Edition, 11th
edition June L. Olsen, Anthony Giangrasso, Dolores Shrimptonv
Chapter 1-12 With Exam(1 2)
Chapter 1 Review of Arithmetic for Medical Dosage Calculations
3
Chapter Overview 5 ÷ 23
4
Chapter 1 reviews the arithmetic concepts needed for the rest of the textbook. It covers
the basics of whole numbers, fractions, decimal numbers, and percents and includes a
Diagnostic Test to evaluate the student’s knowledge of the arithmetic required for
medical dosage calculation. This chapter can be omitted for those students who are
proficient in basic arithmetic.
Instructor’s Notes
The Diagnostic Test may be used in a number of ways. It can be given at the
beginning of the first class, and the teacher or students themselves can grade the
test whose answers can be found in Appendix A of the textbook. The Diagnostic
Test results can then be used to initiate a discussion of those areas of arithmetic in
which the students show weakness.
This chapter can also be assigned as independent study. Students can take the
Diagnostic Test and then review those sections of the chapter that need review.
Subsequent class meetings could address areas of student concern.
The teacher could first present a review of basic arithmetic following the flow of
topics and examples in the chapter, and then assign the Diagnostic Test for
homework.
, Rather than covering all the topics in this chapter, the instructor might choose to
review only those topics with which the students might not be familiar. These could
include ratios, complex fractions, percent of change, and the three methods of
rounding (rounding off, down, and up).
Calculator keystroke sequences are provided to help students improve their
calculator proficiency. Students should be encouraged to work the problems by
hand, and then check their answers on a calculator.
Formationfrommonosaccharides(e.g.,sucrose,lactose)andbiologicalsignificance.**Polysaccharides**:Structure(e.g.,starch,glycogen,cellulose),functionasenerg
ystorage(starch,glycogen)andstructuralsupport(cellulose).**Lipids**:Examinationoflipids,including:**FatsandOils**:Structure(triglycerides),functionasenergystor
ageandinsulation.**Phospholipids**:Structure,roleincellmembranes(phospholipidbilayer),andamphipathicnature.**Steroids**:Structure(e.g.,cholesterol),rolesas
hormones(e.g.,estrogen,testosterone)andmembranecomponents.**Proteins**:In-
depthcoverageofproteins,including:**AminoAcids**:Structureofaminoacids,classification(essentialvs.non-
essential),androleasproteinbuildingblocks.**ProteinStructure**:Levelsofproteinstructure(primary,secondary,tertiary,quaternary)andfactorsinfluencingproteinfold
ing.**ProteinFunctions**:Rolesofproteinsasenzymes(catalysts),structuralcomponents(e.g.,collagen,keratin),antibodies,transportproteins,andhormones.**Nuclei
cAcids**:Explorationofnucleicacids,focusingon:**DNA**:Structure(doublehelix),nucleotidecomponents(adenine,thymine,cytosine,guanine),andfunctionasgeneti
cmaterial,replication,andinheritance.**RNA**:TypesofRNA(messengerRNA,transferRNA,ribosomalRNA),rolesinproteinsynthesis(transcription,translation),andg
eneexpressionregulation.**ChemicalDiversityandFunctionality**:Discussiononthechemicaldiversitywithineachclassoforganicmoleculesandtheirdiversefunctionsi
ncellularprocesses,metabolism,andmaintaininghomeostasis.**InteractionsandBiologicalSignificance**:Emphasisoninteractionsbetweendifferentclassesoforgani
cmoleculesandtheirintegrationintocomplexbiologicalsystemstosupportlifeprocesses.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofkeyco
nceptsrelatedtotheorganicmoleculesoflife,reinforcingunderstandingoftheirstructures,functions,androlesinbiologicalprocesses.Chapter3providesacomprehensiv
eoverviewoftheorganicmoleculesessentialforlife,layingthegroundworkforunderstandingtheirbiochemicalproperties,biologicalfunctions,andcontributionstocellular
andorganismalbiology.Itservesasacrucialfoundationforfurtherexplorationintocellularstructureandfunction,genetics,andphysiologicalmechanismscoveredinsubs
equentchaptersofthetextbook.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsorwouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter3,feelfreetoa
sk!Chapter4:InsidetheCellChapter4of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"InsidetheCell,"typicallyfocusesonthestructureandfunct
ionsofcells,whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,t
heirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,c
omposition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspendedwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,rib
osomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondr
ia,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgiapparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures
,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularprocesses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellular
componentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.
**CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps
Try These for Practice problems are designed to be done in class but may be
designated for homework.
The Exercises and/or Additional Exercises can be given as homework or as in-
class assignments. The answers to the Try These for Practice, and Exercises are in
, Appendix A of the textbook. Answers for Additional Exercises are not in the textbook
for the instructor who prefers to give homework without answers provided.
The answers to Additional Exercises are in this Instructor’s Resource Manual.
Key Terms
approximate answer
canceling
complex fraction
denominator
improper fraction
numerator
percentage
percent of change
rounding down
rounding up
rounding off
percentage
rate
ratio
truncating
Answers to Chapter 1 Additional Exercises
11
1.
20
2. 8
, 1
3. 1
3
11
4.
28
5. 40
3
6. 1
5
1
7.
6
8. 0.37
9. 0.64
10. 6.7
11. 0.015
12. 0.21
13. 0.457
14. 0.0228
15. 2.8
16. 0.8
17. 0.9
18. 0.0625
19. 0.009
20. 1.50
21. 0.47
22. 4.7
23. 2.6
