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Positive match or test
-mapping to one particular item
-excluding everything else
-for example, screening for a particular opioid-like heroine
what is another word for positive match confirmatory
questioned source -evidence that has an unknown authour or origin
-type of document with unknown or disputed authour
known source --item has a known origin
-Handwriting, billets, fingerprints, DNA
in the case of evidence collection and comparing, what are known and questioned sources used
for -questioned source is the collected evidence that we do not know the origin of
-the known source is used as the control sample, as a comparative sample this can include DNA,
fingerprints, billets, and handwriting
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inferotemporal cortex The cortex of the inferior temporal lobe, in which is located an area
of secondary visual cortex that is involved in object recognition
-takes in info like sight, smell, taste and connects it to something we recognize
Class Characteristics Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and
never with a single source.
-cannot objectively say that a specific item was used for fibres
-based on designs by manufacturer
-can be like a questioned source but not uniquely identifiable with that source
-The colour and size of shoes
Identifying Characteristics or individual characteristics are distinct differences in the
physical or biological evidence that allow it to be associated with a single source with a high
degree of certainty.
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what are some physical evidences that can be individualized? fingerprints, tire
impressions, toolmarks, footwear, bullet and casing, tire impressions, and handwriting
T OR F not all evidence has class characteristics FALSE, all evidence has class
characteristics
T OR F evidence may or may not have identifying characteristics T
what are individual characteristics a result of? defect and features that allow matching to a
single item with a high degree of probability
Serology The study of reactions between antibodies and antigens, blood
-The analysis of the properties and effects of serums (blood, semen, saliva, sweat, or fecal
matter)
when do fingerprints ridges form? form during the third month of fetal development and
never change until the final disintegration of the body after death except to enlarge during growth
or if subjected to disease or mutilation-used to improve grip
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Dactyloscopy the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos,
meaning finger.
what other body parts have unique ridge patterns palms, feet soles, toes, ear, and lip
impressions
Ridges hills, contain pores and openings for sweat glands
-coded by genetics
-are different due to envrionmental factors in the womb such as fluid passage, nutrition
furrows walleys
what causes the reproduction of ridges onto surfaces sweats and oils on fingers (in ridges)
get transferred to a surface
ridges become hardwired in what layer of the skin dermis layer