BSC 2085 Exam #3 FSU Yung Su
(Lessons 12, 13, 14, 15-16)
Afferent Division - ✔️✔️approaches CNS; carries sensory info; from PNS sensory
receptors to CNS
Neurons - ✔️✔️the basic functional units of the nervous system; cells that send and
receive signals
Peripheral Nervous System - ✔️✔️includes all neural tissue outside the CNS; delivers
sensory info to the CNS and carry motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues
and systems
The Nervous System - ✔️✔️made of neurons and neuroglia cells; includes all neural
tissue in the body
Neuroglia - ✔️✔️cells that support and protect neurons
Nerves - ✔️✔️axons of neurons
Cranial Nerves - ✔️✔️connect to the brain
Spinal Nerves - ✔️✔️attach to spinal cord
Tract - ✔️✔️a bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve - ✔️✔️a bundle of axons in the PNS
Efferent Division - ✔️✔️exits CNS; carries motor commands; from CNS to PNS
muscles and glands
Receptors - ✔️✔️detect changes or respond to stimuli; can be found on neurons and
specialized cells
Effectors - ✔️✔️respond to efferent signals coming from CNS (cells and organs)
Somatic Nerous System - ✔️✔️controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal
muscle contractions
, Autonomic Nervous System - ✔️✔️controls subconscious actions, contractions of
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions; sympathetic division and
parasympathetic division
Sympathetic Division - ✔️✔️stimulating effect (fight or flight response)
Parasympathetic Division - ✔️✔️relaxing response
Cell Body - ✔️✔️soma
Dendrites - ✔️✔️used to receive information
Axon - ✔️✔️sends info (electrical signals) away from the soma towards a target cell
Perikaryon - ✔️✔️cytoplasm
Mitochondria - ✔️✔️produce energy
Neurotransmitters - ✔️✔️chemical messengers used in signaling other cells
Neurofibrils - ✔️✔️bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and
axons
Dendrites - ✔️✔️highly branched, each branch contains studded processes called
dendritic spines
Chemical Gradient - ✔️✔️concentration gradient (Na+, K+)
Electrical Gradient - ✔️✔️Separate charges of positive and negative ions
Result in potential difference
Electrical Current - ✔️✔️movement of charges to eliminate potential difference of
charges
Resistance - ✔️✔️the amount of current a membrane restricts
The Electrochemical Gradient - ✔️✔️For a particular ion (Na+, K+) is the sum of
chemical and electrical forces acting on the ion across a plasma membrane; A form of
potential energy
Passive/ Leak Channels - ✔️✔️always open, permeability changes with conditions
Active Channels (Gated Channels) - ✔️✔️Open and close in response to stimuli; At
resting potential, most gated channels are closed
(Lessons 12, 13, 14, 15-16)
Afferent Division - ✔️✔️approaches CNS; carries sensory info; from PNS sensory
receptors to CNS
Neurons - ✔️✔️the basic functional units of the nervous system; cells that send and
receive signals
Peripheral Nervous System - ✔️✔️includes all neural tissue outside the CNS; delivers
sensory info to the CNS and carry motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues
and systems
The Nervous System - ✔️✔️made of neurons and neuroglia cells; includes all neural
tissue in the body
Neuroglia - ✔️✔️cells that support and protect neurons
Nerves - ✔️✔️axons of neurons
Cranial Nerves - ✔️✔️connect to the brain
Spinal Nerves - ✔️✔️attach to spinal cord
Tract - ✔️✔️a bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve - ✔️✔️a bundle of axons in the PNS
Efferent Division - ✔️✔️exits CNS; carries motor commands; from CNS to PNS
muscles and glands
Receptors - ✔️✔️detect changes or respond to stimuli; can be found on neurons and
specialized cells
Effectors - ✔️✔️respond to efferent signals coming from CNS (cells and organs)
Somatic Nerous System - ✔️✔️controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal
muscle contractions
, Autonomic Nervous System - ✔️✔️controls subconscious actions, contractions of
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions; sympathetic division and
parasympathetic division
Sympathetic Division - ✔️✔️stimulating effect (fight or flight response)
Parasympathetic Division - ✔️✔️relaxing response
Cell Body - ✔️✔️soma
Dendrites - ✔️✔️used to receive information
Axon - ✔️✔️sends info (electrical signals) away from the soma towards a target cell
Perikaryon - ✔️✔️cytoplasm
Mitochondria - ✔️✔️produce energy
Neurotransmitters - ✔️✔️chemical messengers used in signaling other cells
Neurofibrils - ✔️✔️bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and
axons
Dendrites - ✔️✔️highly branched, each branch contains studded processes called
dendritic spines
Chemical Gradient - ✔️✔️concentration gradient (Na+, K+)
Electrical Gradient - ✔️✔️Separate charges of positive and negative ions
Result in potential difference
Electrical Current - ✔️✔️movement of charges to eliminate potential difference of
charges
Resistance - ✔️✔️the amount of current a membrane restricts
The Electrochemical Gradient - ✔️✔️For a particular ion (Na+, K+) is the sum of
chemical and electrical forces acting on the ion across a plasma membrane; A form of
potential energy
Passive/ Leak Channels - ✔️✔️always open, permeability changes with conditions
Active Channels (Gated Channels) - ✔️✔️Open and close in response to stimuli; At
resting potential, most gated channels are closed
