Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions 6th Edition By Margaret Frazier, Jeanette Drzymkowski (Test Bank) Questions with Answers

Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions 6th Edition By Margaret Frazier, Jeanette Drzymkowski (Test Bank) Questions with Answers Explain how a pathologic condition affects the homeostasis of the body. - correct answers-Pathologic conditions are measurable changes in normal structure and function that threaten the homeostasis of the body. Describe the difference between: Signs and symptoms of disease. - correct answers-Symptoms are subjective descriptions of the illness by the patient. Signs are the evidence of disease found by physical examination and diagnostic testing. Describe the difference between: Acute and chronic disease. - correct answers-Acute disease develops abruptly, and lasts less than 6 months. Chronic disease develops slowly, or is intermittent, and lasts longer than 6 months. Describe the difference between: Benign and malignant neoplasms. - correct answers-Benign neoplasms develop slowly, arise from any tissue, remain encapsulated, doesn't infiltrate surrounding tissue. Malignant neoplasms vary in appearance with irreversible changes in structure; do not resemble the tissue of origin. They can invade surrounding tissue and enter the bloodstream. Identify the predisposing factors of disease. - correct answers-Predisposing factors of disease include (1) age, (2) gender, (3) lifestyle, (4) environment, and (5) heredity. Describe the ways in which pathogens may cause disease. - correct answers-(1) invasion and destruction of living tissue and (2) production of substances that are poisonous to the body. Track the essential steps in diagnosis of disease. - correct answers-(1) data collected from the medical history (2) physical examination (3) diagnostic tests are analyzed, integrated, and interpreted. (4) Formulate diagnosis (5)provide patient teaching, and (6) make referrals. List the prevention guidelines for cancer. - correct answers-(1) Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; low in saturated and trans fats. (2)Eliminate exposure to cigarettes. (3) Limit skin exposure to sunlight. (4) Limit use of alcohol. (5) Avoid excessive exposure to radiation. (6) Avoid chemical agents known to be carcinogenic. (7) Increase physical activity. (8) Maintain a healthy weight. (9) Protect against STI's. Explain the inflammation response to stress. - correct answers-Injury and disease impose stress on the body's equilibrium and breaks cellular function. Inflammation results in (1) redness, (2) heat, (3) swelling, (4) pain, and (5) loss of function. Describe the hospice concept of care. - correct answers-Helping patients who have a life-threatening illness with (1) comfort, (2) dignity, and (3) privacy. Name two ways an individual can practice positive health behavior. - correct answers-(1) Not smoking tobacco cigarettes and avoiding second hand smoke and (2) getting appropriate vaccines. Describe: The physiology of pain. - correct answers-(1) Involves the stimulation of specialized nerve endings called nociceptors. (2) Pain is a signal of injury or tissue damage and is a protective mechanism that makes people aware of the tissue damage. Describe: How pain may be treated? - correct answers-1) Narcotics or opioids, (2) acetaminophen, (3) steroids, (4) NSAIDs, (5) electrical nerve stimulation, (6) surgical intervention, (7) physical therapy and (8) massage. Describe: What is meant by referral pain? - correct answers-Neurons from certain organs may travel a parallel pathway along the spinal cord to the brain. For example, pain that radiates from the heart could travel to the left arm. Define the holistic approach to medical therapies. - correct answers-Focuses on the needs of the whole person. The physical and psychological well-being of the individual are dependent on each other. Describe the examples of nontraditional medical therapies. - correct answers-(1) Osteopathy, (2) chiropractic, (3)(4) massage, (5) reflexology, (6)aromatherapy, (7) herbs, (8) diet and nutrition, (9) acupuncture, (10) acupressure, (11) therapeutic touch, (12) shiatsu, (13) magnetic therapy, (14) hypnosis, (15) meditation, (16) prayer, (17) music therapy, and (18) homeopathy. Define integrative medicine. - correct answers-(1) Integrative medicine combines alternative medicine with evidence-based medicine. (2) It treats the whole person instead of just the disease. Discuss the principles and goals of patient teaching. - correct answers-Principles (1) ongoing education and (2) effective teaching policies. Goals include: (1) a personal treatment plan; (2) offer guidance and clear instructions; (3) develop a trusting relationship; (4) encourage patient to take responsibility for their recovery. List some health effects of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. - correct answers-(1) SIDS - sudden infant death syndrome (2) ear problems, (3) severe asthma, (4) effects on the cardiovascular system, (5) acute respiratory infections