Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Computer Science .............................................................................................. 26
1.1. What is Computer Science?................................ 26
1.2. Computer Science Applications ......................... 27
1.3. Local Job Market ............................................... 27
1.4. International Job Market .................................... 28
1.5. Are you not a student of Computer Science? ...... 28
2. Breadth First Learning ................................................................................................................ 29
2.1. Search Engine Usage Techniques ....................... 29
2.2. History of Computing ........................................ 29
2.3. Data Storage ...................................................... 29
2.4. Data Manipulation ............................................. 29
2.5. Operating System............................................... 29
2.6. Networking and the Internet ............................... 29
2.7. Algorithms ......................................................... 29
2.8. Programming Languages .................................... 29
2.9. Software Engineering ......................................... 29
2.10. Data Abstraction ................................................ 29
2.11. Database Systems............................................... 30
2.12. Artificial Intelligence ......................................... 30
2.13. CS impact on society.......................................... 30
2.14. Content Filtering, Spam, International laws ........ 30
2.15. Word Processing ................................................ 30
2.16. Presentations Development ................................ 30
2.17. Spreadsheet ........................................................ 30
2.18. Database MS Access .......................................... 30
2.19. Web Page Development ..................................... 30
Module 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 31
3. Search Engines ............................................................................................................................. 31
3.1. Query ................................................................. 31
3.2. How Google Works ........................................... 31
3.3. Try Searching on Google ................................... 32
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Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
,Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
3.4. Use of Microphone ............................................ 32
3.5. Flip a Coin ......................................................... 32
3.6. Query Formulation ............................................. 32
3.7. Capitalization ..................................................... 32
Module 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 33
4. Searching Tricks .......................................................................................................................... 33
4.1. Weather Searching ............................................. 33
4.2. Performing Calculations on Google .................... 33
4.3. Currency Conversion ......................................... 34
Module 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 35
5. Search Operators (1).................................................................................................................... 35
5.1. Search on Social Media ...................................... 35
5.2. Search for a price ............................................... 35
5.3. Searching Hash tags ........................................... 36
5.4. Exclude words from Query ................................ 36
5.5. Exact Match ....................................................... 36
5.6. Wild Card based Searching ................................ 36
Module 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 37
6. Search Operators (2).................................................................................................................... 37
6.1. Searching within the range ................................. 37
6.2. Boolean Operators ............................................. 37
6.3. Search with a Specific Site ................................. 37
6.4. Searching Related Websites ............................... 37
6.5. Searching a cached version ................................ 37
Module 7 .............................................................................................................................................. 38
7. Search Operators (3).................................................................................................................... 38
7.1. Stocks Operator.................................................. 38
7.2. Map Operator ..................................................... 38
7.3. Movie Operator .................................................. 38
7.4. Compare Food ................................................... 38
7.5. Define Operator ................................................. 38
7.6. Image Search ..................................................... 38
7.7. Tilt ..................................................................... 38
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Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
,Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
Module 8 .............................................................................................................................................. 39
8. Advanced Search Operators ........................................................................................................ 39
8.1. Intitle ................................................................. 39
8.2. Allintitle ............................................................ 39
8.3. inurl and allinurl................................................. 39
8.4. Intext and allintext ............................................. 39
8.5. Proximity Search................................................ 39
8.6. Let’s solve a complex Query .............................. 39
Module 9 .............................................................................................................................................. 40
9. What we should not search on Internet ...................................................................................... 40
9.1. Avoiding Ads: .................................................... 40
9.2. Dangerous to Search .......................................... 40
9.3. Avoid Cyber-security attacks ............................. 40
9.4. Unpleasant Results ............................................. 41
Module 10 ............................................................................................................................................ 42
10. Roots of Computing ................................................................................................................. 42
10.1. Abacus ............................................................... 42
10.2. Technology of Gears .......................................... 42
10.3. Punch Cards ....................................................... 43
10.4. ENIAC ............................................................... 44
10.5. Factsheet of ENIAC ........................................... 44
10.6. Rapid Advancement ........................................... 44
Module 11 ............................................................................................................................................ 46
11. Bits ............................................................................................................................................ 46
11.1. Basics ................................................................ 46
11.2. What Bits can represent: .................................... 46
11.3. Bits units ............................................................ 46
11.4. Patterns Using Bits ............................................. 46
Module 12 ............................................................................................................................................ 48
12. Boolean Operations .................................................................................................................. 48
12.1. AND Boolean Operation .................................... 48
12.2. OR Boolean Operation ....................................... 48
12.3. XOR Boolean Operation .................................... 48
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Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
, Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
12.4. Not Operation .................................................... 48
12.5. Boolean Operation Example ............................... 49
Module 13 ............................................................................................................................................ 50
13. Hexadecimal Notation .............................................................................................................. 50
13.1. Why we need Hexadecimal Notation.................. 50
13.2. Hexadecimal Representation .............................. 50
13.3. Hexadecimal Example ....................................... 50
Module 14 ............................................................................................................................................ 51
14. Storing a Bit ............................................................................................................................. 51
14.1. Main Memory .................................................... 51
14.2. Main Memory Organization ............................... 51
14.3. Byte Size Organization....................................... 51
14.4. Memory Address................................................ 51
14.5. RAM.................................................................. 52
14.6. DRAM ............................................................... 52
14.7. SDRAM ............................................................. 52
Module 15 ............................................................................................................................................ 53
15. Magnetic Systems ..................................................................................................................... 53
15.1. Mass Storage...................................................... 53
15.2. How it works ..................................................... 53
15.3. Zoned-bit recording............................................ 53
15.4. Seek Time .......................................................... 53
15.5. Rotation Delay ................................................... 53
15.6. Access Time ...................................................... 53
15.7. Transfer rate....................................................... 54
Module 16 ............................................................................................................................................ 55
16. Optical System ......................................................................................................................... 55
16.1. Compact Disk .................................................... 55
16.2. DVD (Digital Versatile Disks) ........................... 55
16.3. BDs (Blue Ray Disks) ........................................ 55
Module 17 ............................................................................................................................................ 55
17. Flash Drives.............................................................................................................................. 55
17.1. Issues in Magnetic and Optical Systems ............. 55
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Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Computer Science .............................................................................................. 26
1.1. What is Computer Science?................................ 26
1.2. Computer Science Applications ......................... 27
1.3. Local Job Market ............................................... 27
1.4. International Job Market .................................... 28
1.5. Are you not a student of Computer Science? ...... 28
2. Breadth First Learning ................................................................................................................ 29
2.1. Search Engine Usage Techniques ....................... 29
2.2. History of Computing ........................................ 29
2.3. Data Storage ...................................................... 29
2.4. Data Manipulation ............................................. 29
2.5. Operating System............................................... 29
2.6. Networking and the Internet ............................... 29
2.7. Algorithms ......................................................... 29
2.8. Programming Languages .................................... 29
2.9. Software Engineering ......................................... 29
2.10. Data Abstraction ................................................ 29
2.11. Database Systems............................................... 30
2.12. Artificial Intelligence ......................................... 30
2.13. CS impact on society.......................................... 30
2.14. Content Filtering, Spam, International laws ........ 30
2.15. Word Processing ................................................ 30
2.16. Presentations Development ................................ 30
2.17. Spreadsheet ........................................................ 30
2.18. Database MS Access .......................................... 30
2.19. Web Page Development ..................................... 30
Module 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 31
3. Search Engines ............................................................................................................................. 31
3.1. Query ................................................................. 31
3.2. How Google Works ........................................... 31
3.3. Try Searching on Google ................................... 32
Page 1 of 381
Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
,Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
3.4. Use of Microphone ............................................ 32
3.5. Flip a Coin ......................................................... 32
3.6. Query Formulation ............................................. 32
3.7. Capitalization ..................................................... 32
Module 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 33
4. Searching Tricks .......................................................................................................................... 33
4.1. Weather Searching ............................................. 33
4.2. Performing Calculations on Google .................... 33
4.3. Currency Conversion ......................................... 34
Module 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 35
5. Search Operators (1).................................................................................................................... 35
5.1. Search on Social Media ...................................... 35
5.2. Search for a price ............................................... 35
5.3. Searching Hash tags ........................................... 36
5.4. Exclude words from Query ................................ 36
5.5. Exact Match ....................................................... 36
5.6. Wild Card based Searching ................................ 36
Module 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 37
6. Search Operators (2).................................................................................................................... 37
6.1. Searching within the range ................................. 37
6.2. Boolean Operators ............................................. 37
6.3. Search with a Specific Site ................................. 37
6.4. Searching Related Websites ............................... 37
6.5. Searching a cached version ................................ 37
Module 7 .............................................................................................................................................. 38
7. Search Operators (3).................................................................................................................... 38
7.1. Stocks Operator.................................................. 38
7.2. Map Operator ..................................................... 38
7.3. Movie Operator .................................................. 38
7.4. Compare Food ................................................... 38
7.5. Define Operator ................................................. 38
7.6. Image Search ..................................................... 38
7.7. Tilt ..................................................................... 38
Page 2 of 381
Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
,Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
Module 8 .............................................................................................................................................. 39
8. Advanced Search Operators ........................................................................................................ 39
8.1. Intitle ................................................................. 39
8.2. Allintitle ............................................................ 39
8.3. inurl and allinurl................................................. 39
8.4. Intext and allintext ............................................. 39
8.5. Proximity Search................................................ 39
8.6. Let’s solve a complex Query .............................. 39
Module 9 .............................................................................................................................................. 40
9. What we should not search on Internet ...................................................................................... 40
9.1. Avoiding Ads: .................................................... 40
9.2. Dangerous to Search .......................................... 40
9.3. Avoid Cyber-security attacks ............................. 40
9.4. Unpleasant Results ............................................. 41
Module 10 ............................................................................................................................................ 42
10. Roots of Computing ................................................................................................................. 42
10.1. Abacus ............................................................... 42
10.2. Technology of Gears .......................................... 42
10.3. Punch Cards ....................................................... 43
10.4. ENIAC ............................................................... 44
10.5. Factsheet of ENIAC ........................................... 44
10.6. Rapid Advancement ........................................... 44
Module 11 ............................................................................................................................................ 46
11. Bits ............................................................................................................................................ 46
11.1. Basics ................................................................ 46
11.2. What Bits can represent: .................................... 46
11.3. Bits units ............................................................ 46
11.4. Patterns Using Bits ............................................. 46
Module 12 ............................................................................................................................................ 48
12. Boolean Operations .................................................................................................................. 48
12.1. AND Boolean Operation .................................... 48
12.2. OR Boolean Operation ....................................... 48
12.3. XOR Boolean Operation .................................... 48
Page 3 of 381
Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
, Introduction to Computing – CS101 VU
12.4. Not Operation .................................................... 48
12.5. Boolean Operation Example ............................... 49
Module 13 ............................................................................................................................................ 50
13. Hexadecimal Notation .............................................................................................................. 50
13.1. Why we need Hexadecimal Notation.................. 50
13.2. Hexadecimal Representation .............................. 50
13.3. Hexadecimal Example ....................................... 50
Module 14 ............................................................................................................................................ 51
14. Storing a Bit ............................................................................................................................. 51
14.1. Main Memory .................................................... 51
14.2. Main Memory Organization ............................... 51
14.3. Byte Size Organization....................................... 51
14.4. Memory Address................................................ 51
14.5. RAM.................................................................. 52
14.6. DRAM ............................................................... 52
14.7. SDRAM ............................................................. 52
Module 15 ............................................................................................................................................ 53
15. Magnetic Systems ..................................................................................................................... 53
15.1. Mass Storage...................................................... 53
15.2. How it works ..................................................... 53
15.3. Zoned-bit recording............................................ 53
15.4. Seek Time .......................................................... 53
15.5. Rotation Delay ................................................... 53
15.6. Access Time ...................................................... 53
15.7. Transfer rate....................................................... 54
Module 16 ............................................................................................................................................ 55
16. Optical System ......................................................................................................................... 55
16.1. Compact Disk .................................................... 55
16.2. DVD (Digital Versatile Disks) ........................... 55
16.3. BDs (Blue Ray Disks) ........................................ 55
Module 17 ............................................................................................................................................ 55
17. Flash Drives.............................................................................................................................. 55
17.1. Issues in Magnetic and Optical Systems ............. 55
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Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
