9/12/24, 3:25 C963 Study
PM Guide
Section 1: The Development of Constitutional Democracy
Lesson 1
1. What was the Age of Enlightenment period from the late 1600s – early
1800s in Europe (also known as the Age of Reason)?
2. How did thinking about the purpose and role of government change
during this historic period?
Lesson 1.1
1. What are natural rights?
2. What did English political scholar John Locke mean in Two Treatises of
Government (1689) when he argued that individuals each have a ‘natural
right’ to life, liberty, and private property?
3. What was Locke’s view on human existence in an imagined “state of
nature”?
4. What did French philosopher Montesquieu recommend in The Spirit of the Laws
(1748) regarding the division of political power in society?
Lesson 2.1
1. What does “social contract theory” generally assert about the
relationship between government and the people in a society?
2. According to the social contract, government is based on the consent of the
. What does that phrase mean?
Lesson 2.2
1. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau had very different
views on the “social contract” relationship between government and the
people. Discuss how their views on ‘natural rights’ and the role of
government differed:
What fundamental The #1 purpose of
‘natural rights’ did the government in the
people have? ‘social contract’
Thomas
Hobbes John
Locke
J.J. Rousseau
Lesson 2.3
1. How does democracy permit an on-going renegotiation of the social
contract?
about:blan 1/30
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,9/12/24, 3:25 C963 Study
PM Guide
Lesson 3.1
1. The Declaration of Independence (1776), written by , is
largely an expression of the focus on liberty/freedom of the people
discussed by which Enlightenment-era philosopher?
2. According to the Declaration of Independence, government should
protect which natural rights?
Lesson 3.2
1. How does the Constitution embody Montesquieu’s ideas and principles
about proper government?
2. Does the Constitution emphasize the protection of natural rights-Yes or
No? Why or why not?
Lesson 3.3
1. How does the Bill of Rights protect natural rights?
Lessons 4.2-4.4
1. What were the Articles of Confederation?
2. Describe the structure of the U.S. national government under the
Articles of Confederation.
a. How was power divided between the state and national
governments under the Articles of Confederation?
Lessons 5.1-5.4
1. By the late 1780s, many political leaders thought the U.S. national
government established by the Articles of Confederation was
ineffective and needed significant changes. One of the weaknesses of
the Articles of Confederation was the unanimous consent of the states
required to amend (change) the Articles of Confederation.
What are three other major weaknesses of the U.S. national
government under the Articles of Confederation?
2. Describe Shays’ Rebellion in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787. How
was Shays’ Rebellion an example of the weakness of the national
government?
Lesson 7.1
1. What were the main ideas of the Virginia Plan?
2. What were the main ideas of the New Jersey Plan?
about:blan 2/30
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, 9/12/24, 3:25 C963 Study
PM Guide
Lesson 7.2
1. Why are there tensions between the ideas of federal supremacy
and state sovereignty?
Lesson 8.1
1. What was the Great Compromise (also known as the Connecticut
Compromise) and what were its main ideas?
Lessons 8.2-8.4
1. The Three-Fifths Compromise also was a major compromise made to
find agreement on the new draft of the U.S. Constitution. What was
the Three-Fifths Compromise?
a. What did pro-slavery states hope to gain by seeking to count their
enslaved population in the population census?
2. The U.S. Constitution established a national government around
three main principles. Define each of the following:
◻ Separation of Powers
◻ Checks and Balances
◻ A Federal
System Lessons 9.1 -9.3
1. Once the Constitutional Convention completed its work, the draft U.S.
Constitution
was sent to the 13 states for approval (ratification). During these
Ratification Debates, most Americans divided into two factions –
Federalists and Anti- Federalists.
a. What did the Federalists think about the proposed Constitution and the
power of the national government? Why?
b. What did the Anti-Federalists think about the proposed
Constitution and the power of the national government? Why?
Lesson 9.4
1. Fill in the blank: The last four states to ratify the Constitution were
Virginia, New York, North Carolina and .
Lesson 10
1. The 85 Federalist Papers were essays published in New York newspapers
during the ratification debates (written by James Madison, Alexander
Hamilton, and John Jay). What was the general purpose of writing the
Federalist Papers?
about:blan 3/30
k
PM Guide
Section 1: The Development of Constitutional Democracy
Lesson 1
1. What was the Age of Enlightenment period from the late 1600s – early
1800s in Europe (also known as the Age of Reason)?
2. How did thinking about the purpose and role of government change
during this historic period?
Lesson 1.1
1. What are natural rights?
2. What did English political scholar John Locke mean in Two Treatises of
Government (1689) when he argued that individuals each have a ‘natural
right’ to life, liberty, and private property?
3. What was Locke’s view on human existence in an imagined “state of
nature”?
4. What did French philosopher Montesquieu recommend in The Spirit of the Laws
(1748) regarding the division of political power in society?
Lesson 2.1
1. What does “social contract theory” generally assert about the
relationship between government and the people in a society?
2. According to the social contract, government is based on the consent of the
. What does that phrase mean?
Lesson 2.2
1. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau had very different
views on the “social contract” relationship between government and the
people. Discuss how their views on ‘natural rights’ and the role of
government differed:
What fundamental The #1 purpose of
‘natural rights’ did the government in the
people have? ‘social contract’
Thomas
Hobbes John
Locke
J.J. Rousseau
Lesson 2.3
1. How does democracy permit an on-going renegotiation of the social
contract?
about:blan 1/30
k
,9/12/24, 3:25 C963 Study
PM Guide
Lesson 3.1
1. The Declaration of Independence (1776), written by , is
largely an expression of the focus on liberty/freedom of the people
discussed by which Enlightenment-era philosopher?
2. According to the Declaration of Independence, government should
protect which natural rights?
Lesson 3.2
1. How does the Constitution embody Montesquieu’s ideas and principles
about proper government?
2. Does the Constitution emphasize the protection of natural rights-Yes or
No? Why or why not?
Lesson 3.3
1. How does the Bill of Rights protect natural rights?
Lessons 4.2-4.4
1. What were the Articles of Confederation?
2. Describe the structure of the U.S. national government under the
Articles of Confederation.
a. How was power divided between the state and national
governments under the Articles of Confederation?
Lessons 5.1-5.4
1. By the late 1780s, many political leaders thought the U.S. national
government established by the Articles of Confederation was
ineffective and needed significant changes. One of the weaknesses of
the Articles of Confederation was the unanimous consent of the states
required to amend (change) the Articles of Confederation.
What are three other major weaknesses of the U.S. national
government under the Articles of Confederation?
2. Describe Shays’ Rebellion in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787. How
was Shays’ Rebellion an example of the weakness of the national
government?
Lesson 7.1
1. What were the main ideas of the Virginia Plan?
2. What were the main ideas of the New Jersey Plan?
about:blan 2/30
k
, 9/12/24, 3:25 C963 Study
PM Guide
Lesson 7.2
1. Why are there tensions between the ideas of federal supremacy
and state sovereignty?
Lesson 8.1
1. What was the Great Compromise (also known as the Connecticut
Compromise) and what were its main ideas?
Lessons 8.2-8.4
1. The Three-Fifths Compromise also was a major compromise made to
find agreement on the new draft of the U.S. Constitution. What was
the Three-Fifths Compromise?
a. What did pro-slavery states hope to gain by seeking to count their
enslaved population in the population census?
2. The U.S. Constitution established a national government around
three main principles. Define each of the following:
◻ Separation of Powers
◻ Checks and Balances
◻ A Federal
System Lessons 9.1 -9.3
1. Once the Constitutional Convention completed its work, the draft U.S.
Constitution
was sent to the 13 states for approval (ratification). During these
Ratification Debates, most Americans divided into two factions –
Federalists and Anti- Federalists.
a. What did the Federalists think about the proposed Constitution and the
power of the national government? Why?
b. What did the Anti-Federalists think about the proposed
Constitution and the power of the national government? Why?
Lesson 9.4
1. Fill in the blank: The last four states to ratify the Constitution were
Virginia, New York, North Carolina and .
Lesson 10
1. The 85 Federalist Papers were essays published in New York newspapers
during the ratification debates (written by James Madison, Alexander
Hamilton, and John Jay). What was the general purpose of writing the
Federalist Papers?
about:blan 3/30
k
