BUAD 309 Chapter 5 | Questions with complete solutions

BUAD 309 Chapter 5 | Questions with complete solutions According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. A) cognitive dissonance B) heredity C) personality D) descent E) genealogy The definition of personality we most frequently use was produced by Gordon Allport nearly 70 years ago. He said personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment." Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment? A) Leon Festinger B) Dr. Sigmund Freud C) Gordon Allport D) Abraham Maslow E) Ivan Pavlov The definition of personality most frequently used was produced by Gordon Allport nearly 70 years ago. He said that personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment." ________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. A) Talent B) Skill C) Knowledge D) Heredity E) Personality Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________. A) talent B) skill C) knowledge D) genealogy E) personality Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality? A) in-depth interviews B) self-report surveys C) career portfolio D) reference interviews E) stress interviews The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. In such surveys, individuals evaluate themselves on a series of factors, such as "I worry a lot about the future." Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys? A) It can hold only a limited number of questions. B) It involves a large number of people in the evaluation process. C) It may have biased results if the surveyor's judgement is biased. D) It comprises of a large number of complex statistical data. E) It may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression. The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. Though self-report measures work well when well constructed, one weakness is that the respondent might lie or practice impression management to create a good impression. In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge. A) observer-ratings surveys B) paid surveys C) knowledge surveys D) deviation surveys E) cadastral surveys Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent assessment of personality. In such surveys, a co-worker or another observer does the rating, with or without the subject's knowledge. Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company, asking her to study a colleague, Cindy Camp's behavior and attention toward her work without her knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize her behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient importance to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting? A) observer-ratings survey B) informational interview C) knowledge survey D) participant observation E) focus group survey Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent assessment of personality. In such surveys, a co-worker or another observer does the rating, with or without the subject's knowledge. Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception? A) social identity B) heredity C) behavioral contagion D) self-concordance E) social loafing Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors. Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced by one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup. Which of the following statements is true about personality? A) Personality is free from the influence of the environment. B) Personality remains constant over time. C) Personality can be measured solely through personal interviews. D) Personality is influenced by hereditary factors. E) Parents highly influence the development of our personality. Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors and it changes over time. Research suggests that parents don't add much to our personality development. Which of the following does the heredity approach state? A) An individual's personality is determined by the social background one is brought up in. B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes. C) An individual's personality is influenced by the economic settings he is surrounded by. D) A person's personality traits are created by the company he keeps i.e., his friends and family. E) A person's personality traits are largely influenced by global trends and characteristics. Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual's personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes. The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100-questions where respondents are classified as extraverted-introverted, sensing-intuitive, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving. A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B) Birkman Method C) Karolinska Scales of Personality D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter E) Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the most widely used personality assessment instrument in the world. It is a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually feel or act in particular situations. Respondents are classified as extraverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive,thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details. A) sensing B) extraverted C) feeling D) perceiving E) intuitive According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification, people belonging to the sensing type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous. A) thinking B) judging C) introverted D) sensing E) perceiving According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the perceiving type are flexible and spontaneous. Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions while handling problems. Extraverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet and shy. Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________. A) are quiet, shy and introverted B) rely on unconscious processes C) prefer their world to be ordered D) are flexible and spontaneous E) rely on personal values and emotions According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type want control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) preferring routine and order and focusing on details B) outgoing, sociable, and assertive in nature C) relying on unconscious processes and looking at the overall picture D) using reason, rationality, and logic to handle problems and situations E) relying on their personal values and emotions to make decisions According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the intuitive type rely on unconscious processes and look at the "big picture." Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) perceiving B) brooder C) extraverted D) introverted E) solitary According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, extraverted people are outgoing, sociable, and assertive whereas introverted people are quiet and shy. Ellaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following personality types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) social B) introverted C) exhibitionist D) gregarious E) extraverted According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, extraverted people are outgoing, sociable, and assertive whereas introverted people are quiet and shy. Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutinization and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) intuitive B) introverted C) thinking D) feeling E) perceiving According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, thinking types of people use reason and logic to handle problems. Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she send them e-mails informing them all about the selection process. Which of the following personality types is Downing characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) sensing B) judging C) thinking D) feeling E) introverted According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, feeling types of people rely on their personal values and emotions. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted/ intuitive/ thinking/ judging type of people are ________. A) visionaries B) organizers C) conceptualizers D) executors E) methodists According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the INTJ (Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging) type are visionaries with original minds and great drive. They are skeptical, critical, independent, determined, and often stubborn. People belonging to the ESTJ type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification. A) irrational B) perplexed C) decisive D) disoriented E) emotional According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ESTJ category are organizers. They are realistic, logical, analytical, and decisive and have a natural head for business or mechanics. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are most likely to be ________. A) illogical B) innovative C) intuitive D) skeptical E) stubborn According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are conceptualizers, innovative, individualistic, versatile, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. Such kinds of people tend to be resourceful in solving challenging problems but may neglect routine assignments. What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for? A) enthusiastic/ingenious B) emotional/impulsive C) extraverted/introverted D) emotive/illustrative E) empathetic/innovative In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, individuals are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and judging or perceiving What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for? A) sensing/intuitive B) social/perceiving C) stable/negligent D) sympathetic/thinking E) shrewd/feeling In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, individuals are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and judging or perceiving (J or P). What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality? A) It has an excess of classifications which tends to confuse a person. B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another. C) It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types. D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits. E) It indicates results related exclusively to job performance. A problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is that it forces a person into one type or another. For instance, if one is not introverted or extraverted, there is no in-between, though in reality people can be both extraverted and introverted to some degree. The ________ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B) Big Five Model C) Birkman Method D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter E) Forté Profile The Big Five Model is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variations in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others? A) conscientiousness B) agreeableness C) extroversion D) openness to experience E) emotional stability The agreeableness dimension refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others. Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm, and trusting. People who score low on agreeableness are cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic. Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability? A) extroversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) openness to experience E) emotional stability The conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability. A highly conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. Those who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. According to the Big Five Model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________. A) distracted, disorganized, and unreliable B) calm, self-confident, and secure C) cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic D) responsible, organized, and dependable E) reserved, timid, and quiet The conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability. A highly conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. A) low on emotional stability B) low on openness to experience C) high on agreeableness D) high on extraversion E) low on conscientiousness According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores low on conscientiousness is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five Model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress? A) emotional stability B) extroversion C) openness to experience D) agreeableness E) conscientiousness The emotional stability dimension, often labeled by its converse, neuroticism, taps a person's ability to withstand stress. People with positive emotional stability tend to be calm, self-confident, and secure. Those with high negative scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure. According to the Big Five Model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty. A) emotional stability B) extroversion C) openness to experience D) agreeableness E) conscientiousness The openness to experience dimension addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty. Extremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive.