Test Bank For Cellular and Molecular Immunology 9th Edition
By Abul K. Abbas; Andrew H. Lichtman; Shiv Pillai
9780323479783 Chapter 1-21 Complete Guide .
1. A previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper respiratory tract
virus for the first time. During the first few hours of infection, which one of the
following events occurs?
a. The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus and keeps the viral
infection under control.
b. The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral infection and keeps the
viral infection under control.
c. Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits the spread of infection.
d. B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the innate immune
response.
e. The virus causes malignant transformation of respiratory mucosal epithelial cells,
and the malignant cells are recognized by the adaptive immune system. - ANSWER:
Correct answer: B
The innate immune response to microbes develops within hours of infection, well
before the
adaptive immune response. B and T lymphocytes are components of the adaptive
immune
response, and they would not be able to respond to a newly encountered virus
before the innate immune response. An 8-year-old boy would no longer have
maternal antibodies from transplacental passive transfer and is unlikely to be breast-
feeding, which is another potential source of maternal antibodies. Malignant
transformation takes months or years to develop.
2. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
b. Self-nonself discrimination
c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
d. Protection against viral infections
,e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to
the same microbe - ANSWER: Correct: A
Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B
lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune
system. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and
soluble receptors to recognize microbes, display some degree of self-nonself
discrimination, and protect against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same
microbe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and of greater
magnitude, this is the manifestation of memory.
3. A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a possibility that the
animal was infected with the rabies virus, is administration of human
immunoglobulin preparations containing anti-rabies virus antibodies. Which type of
immunity would be established by this treatment?
a. Active humoral immunity
b. Passive humoral immunity
c. Active cell-mediated immunity
d. Passive cell-mediated immunity
e. Innate immunity - ANSWER: Correct: B
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies. The transfer of protective antibodies
made by one or more individuals into another individual is a form of passive humoral
immunity. Active immunity to an infection develops when an individual's own
immune system responds to the microbe. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T
lymphocytes, not antibodies, and innate immunity is not mediated by either
antibodies or T lymphocytes.
4. At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). At
age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that has not been vaccinated and she is
exposed to measles. Despite the exposure, she does not become infected. Which of
the following properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this
scenario?
a. Specificity
b. Diversity
c. Specialization
d. Memory
, e. Nonreactivity to self - ANSWER: Correct: D
Protection against infections after vaccination is due to immunologic memory of the
adaptive immune system. Memory is manifested as a more rapidly developing and
vigorous response on repeat exposure to an antigen compared with the first
exposure. Specificity and diversity are properties related to the range of antigenic
structures recognized by the immune system, and specialization is the ability of the
adaptive immune system to use distinct effector mechanisms for distinct infections.
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are
a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
b. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
c. Memory T cells and effector T cells
d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells - ANSWER: Correct: A
T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector
functions. Most effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which promote
macrophage and B cell responses to infections, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which
directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocytes. Antigen-
presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
6. Which of the following best describes clonal expansion in adaptive immune
responses?
a. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each clone specific for a
different antigen during the course of an infection
b. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each clone specific for a
different antigen during development of the immune system, before exposure to
antigen
c. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical specificities, all derived from a
single lymphocyte due to nonspecific stimuli from the innate immune system
d. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical specificities, all derived from a
single lymphocyte stimulated by a single antigen
e. Increased size of the lymphocytes of a single clone due to antigen-induced
activation of the cells - ANSWER: Correct: D
By Abul K. Abbas; Andrew H. Lichtman; Shiv Pillai
9780323479783 Chapter 1-21 Complete Guide .
1. A previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper respiratory tract
virus for the first time. During the first few hours of infection, which one of the
following events occurs?
a. The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus and keeps the viral
infection under control.
b. The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral infection and keeps the
viral infection under control.
c. Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits the spread of infection.
d. B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the innate immune
response.
e. The virus causes malignant transformation of respiratory mucosal epithelial cells,
and the malignant cells are recognized by the adaptive immune system. - ANSWER:
Correct answer: B
The innate immune response to microbes develops within hours of infection, well
before the
adaptive immune response. B and T lymphocytes are components of the adaptive
immune
response, and they would not be able to respond to a newly encountered virus
before the innate immune response. An 8-year-old boy would no longer have
maternal antibodies from transplacental passive transfer and is unlikely to be breast-
feeding, which is another potential source of maternal antibodies. Malignant
transformation takes months or years to develop.
2. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
b. Self-nonself discrimination
c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
d. Protection against viral infections
,e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to
the same microbe - ANSWER: Correct: A
Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B
lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune
system. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and
soluble receptors to recognize microbes, display some degree of self-nonself
discrimination, and protect against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same
microbe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and of greater
magnitude, this is the manifestation of memory.
3. A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a possibility that the
animal was infected with the rabies virus, is administration of human
immunoglobulin preparations containing anti-rabies virus antibodies. Which type of
immunity would be established by this treatment?
a. Active humoral immunity
b. Passive humoral immunity
c. Active cell-mediated immunity
d. Passive cell-mediated immunity
e. Innate immunity - ANSWER: Correct: B
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies. The transfer of protective antibodies
made by one or more individuals into another individual is a form of passive humoral
immunity. Active immunity to an infection develops when an individual's own
immune system responds to the microbe. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T
lymphocytes, not antibodies, and innate immunity is not mediated by either
antibodies or T lymphocytes.
4. At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). At
age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that has not been vaccinated and she is
exposed to measles. Despite the exposure, she does not become infected. Which of
the following properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this
scenario?
a. Specificity
b. Diversity
c. Specialization
d. Memory
, e. Nonreactivity to self - ANSWER: Correct: D
Protection against infections after vaccination is due to immunologic memory of the
adaptive immune system. Memory is manifested as a more rapidly developing and
vigorous response on repeat exposure to an antigen compared with the first
exposure. Specificity and diversity are properties related to the range of antigenic
structures recognized by the immune system, and specialization is the ability of the
adaptive immune system to use distinct effector mechanisms for distinct infections.
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are
a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
b. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
c. Memory T cells and effector T cells
d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells - ANSWER: Correct: A
T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector
functions. Most effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which promote
macrophage and B cell responses to infections, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which
directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocytes. Antigen-
presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
6. Which of the following best describes clonal expansion in adaptive immune
responses?
a. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each clone specific for a
different antigen during the course of an infection
b. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each clone specific for a
different antigen during development of the immune system, before exposure to
antigen
c. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical specificities, all derived from a
single lymphocyte due to nonspecific stimuli from the innate immune system
d. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical specificities, all derived from a
single lymphocyte stimulated by a single antigen
e. Increased size of the lymphocytes of a single clone due to antigen-induced
activation of the cells - ANSWER: Correct: D
