Test Bank For Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases 4th
Edition By Lewis Vaughn 9780190903268 ALL Chapters .
What is a Moral Theory? - ANSWER: explains why an action is right or wrong or why
a person of a persons character is good or bad
* tells us what about an action or person makes it right
** both more general and basic than moral principles or other general norms
What do Moral Theories show us? - ANSWER: they show what is important and
reasonable in morality, guiding our judgments through overarching insights that may
help us with specific cases and issues
Why are Moral Theories Important? - ANSWER: 1. Moral theories can figure directly
in out moral arguments
2. Theories can have an indirect impact on moral arguments because principles
appealed to are often supported in turn by a moral theory
Moral Theories must be filled out with what? - ANSWER: details about how to apply
them in real life and the kinds of cases to which they are relevant
* if the principles lead us to conflicting choices, we look again to the theory for
insight in resolving the conflict
Our beliefs should be ___ and not harbor ___ - ANSWER: 1. Coherent
2. Contradictions
What must we do if our judgments clash with our theory or principle? - ANSWER: we
must decide which, the theory or principle, to discard
What is Moral Theorizing? - ANSWER: the making, using, or assessing moral theories
or parts of theories
* we must theorize if we are to make headways in such investigations
** try to grasp the larger pattern
What are Theories of Right Action? - ANSWER: a concentration on the right and
wrong actions
What are Virtue-Based Theories? - ANSWER: moral theories that focus on good and
bad persons or character
, What is the Consequentialist Moral Theory? - ANSWER: moral theories insist that the
rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences or results
* what or how much good is produced
What is the Deontological (or Non-consequentialist) Moral Theory? - ANSWER: says
that rightness of actions is determined not solely by their consequences but partly or
entirely by their intrinsic nature
* rightness depends on the kind of actions they are
What is the Utilitarianism Moral Theory *part of Consequentialist - ANSWER: right
actions are those that result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad
consequences for everyone involved
* maximize the nonmoral good
ex. physical objects like clothing
** must be defined with some forms of happiness and pleasure
What is Act-Utilitarianism? *part of Consequentialist - ANSWER: the idea that the
rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual
actions
* an action is right if a particular situation it produces provides a greater balance of
good over bad
What is Rule-Utilitarianism? *part of Consequentialist - ANSWER: avoids judging
rightness by specific acts and focuses instead on the rules governing categories of
acts
What is described as a "right action" under Rule-Utilitarianism? - ANSWER: a right
action is one that confirms to a rule that, if followed, consistently, would create for
everyone involved the most beneficial balance of good over bad
* maximizes the good for all
** maximum good maximum pleasure; demands a strong sense of impartiality
*** emphasis on maximizing the total quality of happiness, not ensuring its
rationing; "greatest happiness for the greatest number"
What is Kantian Ethics? * part of Utilitarianism? - ANSWER: the core of morality
consists of following a rational an universally applicable moral rule and doing so
solely out of a sense of duty
Edition By Lewis Vaughn 9780190903268 ALL Chapters .
What is a Moral Theory? - ANSWER: explains why an action is right or wrong or why
a person of a persons character is good or bad
* tells us what about an action or person makes it right
** both more general and basic than moral principles or other general norms
What do Moral Theories show us? - ANSWER: they show what is important and
reasonable in morality, guiding our judgments through overarching insights that may
help us with specific cases and issues
Why are Moral Theories Important? - ANSWER: 1. Moral theories can figure directly
in out moral arguments
2. Theories can have an indirect impact on moral arguments because principles
appealed to are often supported in turn by a moral theory
Moral Theories must be filled out with what? - ANSWER: details about how to apply
them in real life and the kinds of cases to which they are relevant
* if the principles lead us to conflicting choices, we look again to the theory for
insight in resolving the conflict
Our beliefs should be ___ and not harbor ___ - ANSWER: 1. Coherent
2. Contradictions
What must we do if our judgments clash with our theory or principle? - ANSWER: we
must decide which, the theory or principle, to discard
What is Moral Theorizing? - ANSWER: the making, using, or assessing moral theories
or parts of theories
* we must theorize if we are to make headways in such investigations
** try to grasp the larger pattern
What are Theories of Right Action? - ANSWER: a concentration on the right and
wrong actions
What are Virtue-Based Theories? - ANSWER: moral theories that focus on good and
bad persons or character
, What is the Consequentialist Moral Theory? - ANSWER: moral theories insist that the
rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences or results
* what or how much good is produced
What is the Deontological (or Non-consequentialist) Moral Theory? - ANSWER: says
that rightness of actions is determined not solely by their consequences but partly or
entirely by their intrinsic nature
* rightness depends on the kind of actions they are
What is the Utilitarianism Moral Theory *part of Consequentialist - ANSWER: right
actions are those that result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad
consequences for everyone involved
* maximize the nonmoral good
ex. physical objects like clothing
** must be defined with some forms of happiness and pleasure
What is Act-Utilitarianism? *part of Consequentialist - ANSWER: the idea that the
rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual
actions
* an action is right if a particular situation it produces provides a greater balance of
good over bad
What is Rule-Utilitarianism? *part of Consequentialist - ANSWER: avoids judging
rightness by specific acts and focuses instead on the rules governing categories of
acts
What is described as a "right action" under Rule-Utilitarianism? - ANSWER: a right
action is one that confirms to a rule that, if followed, consistently, would create for
everyone involved the most beneficial balance of good over bad
* maximizes the good for all
** maximum good maximum pleasure; demands a strong sense of impartiality
*** emphasis on maximizing the total quality of happiness, not ensuring its
rationing; "greatest happiness for the greatest number"
What is Kantian Ethics? * part of Utilitarianism? - ANSWER: the core of morality
consists of following a rational an universally applicable moral rule and doing so
solely out of a sense of duty
