Test Bank For Social Psychology 10th Edition By Elliot Aronson;
Timothy D. Wilson; Robin M. Akert; Samuel R Sommers
9780134641287 Chapter 1-13 Complete Guide .
psychological realism - ANSWER: The extent to which the
psychological processes triggered
in an experiment are similar to
psychological processes that occur
in everyday life
Hindsight Bias - ANSWER: The tendency for people to
exaggerate, after knowing that
something occurred, how much
they could have predicted it
before it occurred
1. Which of the following is a basic assumption that social
psychologists make?
a. Social problems have complex causes and we will
never know why they occur.
b. It is hard to study what effect looking at pornography
has on people, because everyone is different.
c. Many social problems can be studied scientifically.
d. Many people fail to help others in emergencies because they don't care about other people. -
ANSWER: c
2. Which of the following is true about social psychological
findings?
a. They sometimes seem obvious after we learn about
them, because of a hindsight bias.
b. Most people could easily predict them in advance of
knowing how the studies turned out.
c. Wise people such as our grandparents could easily
predict them in advance of knowing how the studies
turned out.
d. Most people who live in the culture in which the studies
were conducted could predict the findings in advance
of knowing how the studies turned out. - ANSWER: a
3. How do social psychologists formulate hypotheses and
theories?
a. They are inspired by previous theories and
research.
b. They disagree with a previous researchers'
interpretations of their study.
c. They construct hypothesis and theories based on
personal observations in everyday life.
d. All of the above answers are correct. - ANSWER: d
Observational Method - ANSWER: the technique whereby a researcher
observes people and systematically
records measurements or impressions of their behavior
Ethnography - ANSWER: The method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or
culture by observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions they might have
, Archival Analysis - ANSWER: A form of the observational method in which the researcher
examines the accumulated documents, or archives, of a culture
(e.g., diaries, novels, magazines, and newspapers)
correlational method - ANSWER: The technique whereby two or more variables are systematically
measured and the relationship them (i.e., how much one
can be predicted from the other) is assessed
Correlation Coefficient - ANSWER: A statistical technique that assesses how well you can predict
one variable from another-for example, how well you can predict
people's weight from their height
random selection - ANSWER: A way of ensuring that a sample
of people is representative of a
population by giving everyone in
the population an equal chance of
being selected for the sample
Experimental Method - ANSWER: The method in which the researcher randomly assigns participants
to different conditions and ensures that these conditions are
identical except for the independent variable (the one thought to
have a causal effect on people's
responses)
idependent variable - ANSWER: The variable a researcher changes or varies to see if it has an effect
on some other variable
random assignment to condition - ANSWER: A process ensuring that all participants have an equal
chance
of taking part in any condition of an experiment; through random
assignment, researchers can be relatively certain that differences
in the participants' personalities or backgrounds are distributed evenly across conditions
Probability Level (p-value) - ANSWER: A number calculated with statistical techniques that tells
researchers how likely it is that the results of their experiment occurred by
chance and not because of the independent variable or variables;
the convention in science, including social psychology, is to consider results significant (trustworthy) if
the probability level is less than 5 in 100 that the results might be due to chance factors and not the
independent variables studied
internal validity - ANSWER: Making sure that nothing besides
the independent variable can affect the dependent variable; this
is accomplished by controlling all
extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions
external validity - ANSWER: The extent to which the results of
a study can be generalized to other
situations and to other people
cover story - ANSWER: A description of the purpose of a
study, given to participants, that is
different from its true purpose and
is used to maintain psychological
realism
field experiments - ANSWER: Experiments conducted in natural settings rather than in the
Timothy D. Wilson; Robin M. Akert; Samuel R Sommers
9780134641287 Chapter 1-13 Complete Guide .
psychological realism - ANSWER: The extent to which the
psychological processes triggered
in an experiment are similar to
psychological processes that occur
in everyday life
Hindsight Bias - ANSWER: The tendency for people to
exaggerate, after knowing that
something occurred, how much
they could have predicted it
before it occurred
1. Which of the following is a basic assumption that social
psychologists make?
a. Social problems have complex causes and we will
never know why they occur.
b. It is hard to study what effect looking at pornography
has on people, because everyone is different.
c. Many social problems can be studied scientifically.
d. Many people fail to help others in emergencies because they don't care about other people. -
ANSWER: c
2. Which of the following is true about social psychological
findings?
a. They sometimes seem obvious after we learn about
them, because of a hindsight bias.
b. Most people could easily predict them in advance of
knowing how the studies turned out.
c. Wise people such as our grandparents could easily
predict them in advance of knowing how the studies
turned out.
d. Most people who live in the culture in which the studies
were conducted could predict the findings in advance
of knowing how the studies turned out. - ANSWER: a
3. How do social psychologists formulate hypotheses and
theories?
a. They are inspired by previous theories and
research.
b. They disagree with a previous researchers'
interpretations of their study.
c. They construct hypothesis and theories based on
personal observations in everyday life.
d. All of the above answers are correct. - ANSWER: d
Observational Method - ANSWER: the technique whereby a researcher
observes people and systematically
records measurements or impressions of their behavior
Ethnography - ANSWER: The method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or
culture by observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions they might have
, Archival Analysis - ANSWER: A form of the observational method in which the researcher
examines the accumulated documents, or archives, of a culture
(e.g., diaries, novels, magazines, and newspapers)
correlational method - ANSWER: The technique whereby two or more variables are systematically
measured and the relationship them (i.e., how much one
can be predicted from the other) is assessed
Correlation Coefficient - ANSWER: A statistical technique that assesses how well you can predict
one variable from another-for example, how well you can predict
people's weight from their height
random selection - ANSWER: A way of ensuring that a sample
of people is representative of a
population by giving everyone in
the population an equal chance of
being selected for the sample
Experimental Method - ANSWER: The method in which the researcher randomly assigns participants
to different conditions and ensures that these conditions are
identical except for the independent variable (the one thought to
have a causal effect on people's
responses)
idependent variable - ANSWER: The variable a researcher changes or varies to see if it has an effect
on some other variable
random assignment to condition - ANSWER: A process ensuring that all participants have an equal
chance
of taking part in any condition of an experiment; through random
assignment, researchers can be relatively certain that differences
in the participants' personalities or backgrounds are distributed evenly across conditions
Probability Level (p-value) - ANSWER: A number calculated with statistical techniques that tells
researchers how likely it is that the results of their experiment occurred by
chance and not because of the independent variable or variables;
the convention in science, including social psychology, is to consider results significant (trustworthy) if
the probability level is less than 5 in 100 that the results might be due to chance factors and not the
independent variables studied
internal validity - ANSWER: Making sure that nothing besides
the independent variable can affect the dependent variable; this
is accomplished by controlling all
extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions
external validity - ANSWER: The extent to which the results of
a study can be generalized to other
situations and to other people
cover story - ANSWER: A description of the purpose of a
study, given to participants, that is
different from its true purpose and
is used to maintain psychological
realism
field experiments - ANSWER: Experiments conducted in natural settings rather than in the
