Straighterline: Philosophy 101 Final Exam
Study Guide: Questions & Answers
What is Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a
society?
Unequal unless a more equal distribution would benefit everyone
Based on effort, talent, and accomplishments
Equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone
Always equal
(Ans- Equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone
What is not true of John Rawls's original position?
Involves dropping a veil of ignorance
Leads to an entitlement view of justice
Assumes that people are rational and self-interested
A hypothetical, imaginary situation
(Ans- Leads to an entitlement view of justice
Held that the working class has been integrated into contemporary
capitalist societies because of the efficiency of technology
Marha Nussbaum
Herbert Marcuse
John Rawls
Robert Nozick
(Ans- Herbert Marcuse
To James Rachels, saying two things are equally bad
Descriptive Thesis
Prescriptive Thesis
Equivalence Thesis
, Tentative Thesis
(Ans- Equivalence Thesis
Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the
minimal state is unjust?
Necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons' natural
entitlement rights
Fails to achieve communitarian consensus on the good
Would not be agreed to by rational, self-interested individuals in a fair
initial bargaining situation
Nozick is an anarchist libertarian who doesn't think that any state is just
(Ans- Necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons'
natural entitlement rights
Contemporary moral philosopher known for work in virtue ethics, Greek
philosophy, role of emotions in decisions, and international social justice
Robert Nozick
John Rawls
Herbert Marcuse
Martha Nussbaum
(Ans- Martha Nussbaum
From behind a veil of ignorance deliberating on principles of justice we
would adopt, Rawls calls the
Pure Reason
Original Position
State of Nature
Principle of Utility
(Ans- Original Position
Popular philosophy which holds that the only obligation one has is to one's
self
, Robert Nozick's Libertarianism
Ayn Rand's Objectivism
J.S. Mill's Liberalism
Marxist-Leninism
(Ans- Ayn Rand's Objectivism
The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value
judgments
Normative Ethics
Prima Facie Duties
Metaethics
Deontological Ethics
(Ans- Metaethics
What do moral judgments do, according to the Emotivists?
Guide conduct
Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way
Assert facts
Create value
(Ans- Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way
To Mary Daly what is going to save traditional religion from its false
concepts of God
Liberation theology
Atheism
Black theology
Feminist movement
(Ans- Feminist movement
Study Guide: Questions & Answers
What is Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a
society?
Unequal unless a more equal distribution would benefit everyone
Based on effort, talent, and accomplishments
Equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone
Always equal
(Ans- Equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone
What is not true of John Rawls's original position?
Involves dropping a veil of ignorance
Leads to an entitlement view of justice
Assumes that people are rational and self-interested
A hypothetical, imaginary situation
(Ans- Leads to an entitlement view of justice
Held that the working class has been integrated into contemporary
capitalist societies because of the efficiency of technology
Marha Nussbaum
Herbert Marcuse
John Rawls
Robert Nozick
(Ans- Herbert Marcuse
To James Rachels, saying two things are equally bad
Descriptive Thesis
Prescriptive Thesis
Equivalence Thesis
, Tentative Thesis
(Ans- Equivalence Thesis
Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the
minimal state is unjust?
Necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons' natural
entitlement rights
Fails to achieve communitarian consensus on the good
Would not be agreed to by rational, self-interested individuals in a fair
initial bargaining situation
Nozick is an anarchist libertarian who doesn't think that any state is just
(Ans- Necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons'
natural entitlement rights
Contemporary moral philosopher known for work in virtue ethics, Greek
philosophy, role of emotions in decisions, and international social justice
Robert Nozick
John Rawls
Herbert Marcuse
Martha Nussbaum
(Ans- Martha Nussbaum
From behind a veil of ignorance deliberating on principles of justice we
would adopt, Rawls calls the
Pure Reason
Original Position
State of Nature
Principle of Utility
(Ans- Original Position
Popular philosophy which holds that the only obligation one has is to one's
self
, Robert Nozick's Libertarianism
Ayn Rand's Objectivism
J.S. Mill's Liberalism
Marxist-Leninism
(Ans- Ayn Rand's Objectivism
The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value
judgments
Normative Ethics
Prima Facie Duties
Metaethics
Deontological Ethics
(Ans- Metaethics
What do moral judgments do, according to the Emotivists?
Guide conduct
Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way
Assert facts
Create value
(Ans- Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way
To Mary Daly what is going to save traditional religion from its false
concepts of God
Liberation theology
Atheism
Black theology
Feminist movement
(Ans- Feminist movement
