NR 324 Adult Health Exam 1

NR 324 Adult Health Exam 1 Sodium ranges? Hyponatremia: Hypernatremia: - NEURO/MUSCLES 136 - 145 Hypo: DEPRESSED & DEFLATED: headache, irritability, confusion, seizures, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, decreased DTR, weight gain Hyper: BIG & BLOATED: thirst, swollen/dry tongue, restlessness, twitching, seizures, coma Potassium ranges? Hypokalemia: Hyperkalemia: - HEART/MUSCLES 3.5 - 5.0 Hypo: LOW & SLOW: fatigue, confusion, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, dysrhythmias, FLATTENED T wave, PROMINENT U wave Hyper: TIGHT & CONTRACTED: peaked T wave, v-fib, muscle weakness, bradycardia, hypotension Calcium ranges? Hypocalcemia: Hypercalcemia: - HEART & NERVES (blood, bones, beats) 9.0 - 10.5 Hypo: 3 B's are WEAK & SLOW: seizure, hyperactive DTR, Chvostek's sign (cheek), Trousseau's sign (carpal) Hyper: SWOLLEN & SLOW: lethargy, muscle weakness, confusion, hypoactive DTR Phosphorus ranges? Hypophosphatemia: Hyperphosphatemia: - INVERSE RELATIONSHIP WITH CALCIUM 3.0 - 4.5 Hypo: CNS depression, confusion, muscle weakness, dysrhythmias Hyper: RENAL: tetany, muscle cramps, paresthesia, numbness/tingling around mouth, slow peripheral pulses Magnesium ranges? Hypomagnesemia: Hypermagnesemia: - MUSCLES 1.3 - 2.1 Hypo: BUCK WILD: hyperactive CNS, irritability, confusion, increased DTR, cramps, tremors, seizures, increased pulse/BP Hyper: CALM & QUIET: depressed CNS, decreased DTR, lethargy, nausea/vomiting, decreased pulse/BP ABG ranges: - Acid - Alk pH: 7.35 - 7.45 CO2: 45 - 35 HCO3: 22 - 26 What are the 3 types of compensation? - Uncompensated: abnormal pH and only one abnormal value Fully compensated: NORMAL pH, but both values are abnormal Partially compensated: All values are abnormal Isotonic solution examples - Equal osmolarity: 0.9% NaC, Lactated Ringers (LR) Hypotonic solution examples - More diluted: 0.45% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl Hypertonic solution examples - D5 (Dextrose 5%) in 0.45% NS, 3% NaCl Hydrostatic pressure - PUSH fluid out -affects blood pressure -causes edema Osmotic pressure - PULL -has albumin (protein); if there is no albumin, then there is no pull -causes edema -Ascites Albumin is also known as the? - Water magnet Fluid balance is influenced by which 4 hormones? - ADH (increases fluid and BP) RAAS (increases fluid and BP) ANP (decreases fluid and BP) BNP (decreases fluid and BP) What is the goal of RAAS? - -retain water and sodium -increase blood volume and BP T or F: hyper/hypovolemia can be influenced by both water and electrolytes - True: hypovolemia (deficit) is a loss of water AND electrolytes from ECF hypervolemia (excess) is excessive water AND electrolytes from ECF What are some of the main causes and manifestations of fluid volume DEFICIT? - LOSING FLUIDS Casues: -hemorrhaging -third spacing -GI losses -DI (diabetic in "piss" idus) Manifestations: -fast HR -weak pulse -weakness -dizziness What are some of the main causes and manifestations of fluid volumes EXCESS? - HOLDING FLUIDS Causes: -CHF -renal failure -hyperaldosteronism -use of corticosteroids (Cushing's syndrome) Manifestations: -JVD -bounding pulses -increased BP -Tachycardia