Chapter 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior,
and Personality
Which of the following is not a reason why psychologists are interested in cross-cultural
differences? **** to understand why some groups of people are inherently better and
worse than others.
In general, members of __________ cultures spend less time with more people;
members of __________ cultures spend more time with fewer people. ****
individualist; collectivist
Countries that value _______ have strong social norms of demanding retaliation,
regardless of the cost when one's property is at risk, whereas countries that value
_______ respect and obey authority figures and avoid controversy. Finally, in countries
that value _______, individuals are valued in their own right and this value does not
come from what other people think of them. **** honor; face; dignity
Research presented in the text suggests that individuals from ________ cultures are
more consistent across situations, whereas individuals from _______ cultures tend
change their personalities from one situation to the next. **** individualist; collectivist
What general conclusion can be drawn from studies investigating cross-cultural gender
differences in the Big Five? **** The size of the gender differences is larger in more-
developed societies than inn less-developed societies
The universal components of any idea are called __________, and the particular
aspects of the same idea are called __________. **** etics; emics
Almost all psychologists who study cultural differences assume the differences are
mostly _______, and not _______. **** learned; innate
According to the text, what is one reason why Europeans were able to colonize and
dominate other cultures? **** They lived close together in cities and thereby developed
immunities to certain diseases.
According to the text, which characteristic of cultures might be the most difficult to
judge? **** complexity
Western cultures are more frequently seen as __________, whereas Eastern cultures
are seen as __________, categories that often center on different definitions of the
__________. **** individualistic; collectivist; self
, Why is the meaning of trait-level comparisons between cultures not always clear? ****
It may not be true that the same traits can be used to meaningfully describe people from
different cultures.
The comparison between cultures that tolerate very little deviance from the norm and
cultures that give great allowance toward the norm is reflected in which dimension of
difference? **** the tightness-looseness dimension
Which of the following are reasons why cultural relativism is considered problematic?
a) Researchers may disregard cultural practices and customs that are actually quite
harmful to the group.
b) Researchers may not appreciate practices that are normative in one culture and not
in another.
c) Belief in cultural relativism may give individuals the right to perform harmful practices.
d) Belief in cultural relativism may lead one to believe that some practices and customs
are universally bad. **** a) Researchers may disregard cultural practices and customs
that are actually quite harmful to the group.
c) Belief in cultural relativism may give individuals the right to perform harmful practices.
The term _______ refers to psychological attributes of groups. The process by which
children learn the culture into which they are born is called _______, whereas the
process by which a person gradually picks up the culture in a new home country is
called _______. **** culture; enculturation; acculturation
Which of the following describe someone high on bicultural identity integration (BII)?
a) Someone who experiences conflict between two cultural identities.
b) Someone who is able to balance their cultural identities.
c) Someone who sees themselves as a combination of two cultures.
d) Someone who spent three weeks visiting a new country experiencing their customs
and traditions. **** b) Someone who is able to balance their cultural identities.
c) Someone who sees themselves as a combination of two cultures.
Nima moved to the United States when she was 5 years old, and she has gradually
adopted the language, attitudes, and styles of American culture. What process has
Nima gone through? **** acculturation
What does self-determination mean?
Click or tap a choice to answer the question. **** Your behavior is a result of your own
personality.
Individualistic and collectivist societies can be further categorized as what? **** vertical
or horizontal
What philosophical idea states that all cultural views are equally valid and that it is
ethnocentric to think otherwise? **** cultural relativism
and Personality
Which of the following is not a reason why psychologists are interested in cross-cultural
differences? **** to understand why some groups of people are inherently better and
worse than others.
In general, members of __________ cultures spend less time with more people;
members of __________ cultures spend more time with fewer people. ****
individualist; collectivist
Countries that value _______ have strong social norms of demanding retaliation,
regardless of the cost when one's property is at risk, whereas countries that value
_______ respect and obey authority figures and avoid controversy. Finally, in countries
that value _______, individuals are valued in their own right and this value does not
come from what other people think of them. **** honor; face; dignity
Research presented in the text suggests that individuals from ________ cultures are
more consistent across situations, whereas individuals from _______ cultures tend
change their personalities from one situation to the next. **** individualist; collectivist
What general conclusion can be drawn from studies investigating cross-cultural gender
differences in the Big Five? **** The size of the gender differences is larger in more-
developed societies than inn less-developed societies
The universal components of any idea are called __________, and the particular
aspects of the same idea are called __________. **** etics; emics
Almost all psychologists who study cultural differences assume the differences are
mostly _______, and not _______. **** learned; innate
According to the text, what is one reason why Europeans were able to colonize and
dominate other cultures? **** They lived close together in cities and thereby developed
immunities to certain diseases.
According to the text, which characteristic of cultures might be the most difficult to
judge? **** complexity
Western cultures are more frequently seen as __________, whereas Eastern cultures
are seen as __________, categories that often center on different definitions of the
__________. **** individualistic; collectivist; self
, Why is the meaning of trait-level comparisons between cultures not always clear? ****
It may not be true that the same traits can be used to meaningfully describe people from
different cultures.
The comparison between cultures that tolerate very little deviance from the norm and
cultures that give great allowance toward the norm is reflected in which dimension of
difference? **** the tightness-looseness dimension
Which of the following are reasons why cultural relativism is considered problematic?
a) Researchers may disregard cultural practices and customs that are actually quite
harmful to the group.
b) Researchers may not appreciate practices that are normative in one culture and not
in another.
c) Belief in cultural relativism may give individuals the right to perform harmful practices.
d) Belief in cultural relativism may lead one to believe that some practices and customs
are universally bad. **** a) Researchers may disregard cultural practices and customs
that are actually quite harmful to the group.
c) Belief in cultural relativism may give individuals the right to perform harmful practices.
The term _______ refers to psychological attributes of groups. The process by which
children learn the culture into which they are born is called _______, whereas the
process by which a person gradually picks up the culture in a new home country is
called _______. **** culture; enculturation; acculturation
Which of the following describe someone high on bicultural identity integration (BII)?
a) Someone who experiences conflict between two cultural identities.
b) Someone who is able to balance their cultural identities.
c) Someone who sees themselves as a combination of two cultures.
d) Someone who spent three weeks visiting a new country experiencing their customs
and traditions. **** b) Someone who is able to balance their cultural identities.
c) Someone who sees themselves as a combination of two cultures.
Nima moved to the United States when she was 5 years old, and she has gradually
adopted the language, attitudes, and styles of American culture. What process has
Nima gone through? **** acculturation
What does self-determination mean?
Click or tap a choice to answer the question. **** Your behavior is a result of your own
personality.
Individualistic and collectivist societies can be further categorized as what? **** vertical
or horizontal
What philosophical idea states that all cultural views are equally valid and that it is
ethnocentric to think otherwise? **** cultural relativism
