AOS Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured, 12th edition Questions And Answers Rated A+

Abandonment - Unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient. abdomen - The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) - A rapidly fatal condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge. abdominal-thrust maneuver - The preferred method to dislodge a severe airway obstruction in adults and children; also called the Heimlich maneuver. Abduction - Motion of a limb away from the midline. Abrasion - Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface. abruptio placentae - premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall absorption - the process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream. access - Gaining entry to an enclosed area and reaching a patient. accessory muscles - The secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles.Acetabulum - The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly. Acidosis - the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness acromioclavicular joint (AC) - A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder. action - The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body. active compression-decompression CPR - A technique that involves compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position or beyond (decompression); may increase the amount of blood that returns to the heart, and thus, the amount of blood ejected from the heart during the compression phase. active shooter event - An act of terror in which firearms are used in an ongoing assault of multiple people. activities of daily living - The basic activities a person usually accomplishes during a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and bathing. acute abdomen - A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary. acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction. acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now."acute stress reactions - reaction to stress that occurs during a traumatic situation addiction - A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a substance. Adduction - Movement toward the midline of the body Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy. adolescent - a young person age 12 to 18 years adrenal glands - Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenergic - Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline (such as adrenergic nerves, adrenergic response). The term also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine. advance directive - Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions; also called a living will or health care directive. Advance EMT (AEMT) - An Individual who has training in specific aspects of advance life support, such as intravenous therapy, and administration of certain emergency medications. Advance Life Support (ALS) - Advanced lifesaving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT. adventitious breath sounds - Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.Adverse effects - Any unwanted clinical results of a medication aerobic metabolism - Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen. aerosol-generating procedure - Any airway manipulation that induces the production of aerosols that may present a risk for airborne transmission of pathogens, such as CPR. Afterload - The force or resistance against which the heart pumps. aging - the process by which the temporary bond between an organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase undergoes hydrolysis, resulting in a permanent covalent bond agonal gasps - abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest Agonist - A medication that causes stimulation of receptors. air ambulances - Fixed-wing and rotary-wing (known as helicopters) aircrafts that have been modified for medical care; used to evacuate and transport patients with life-threatening injuries to treatment facilities. air embolism - The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart. airborne transmission - The spread of an organism via droplets or dust airway - The upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth, and throat. Algor Mortis - cooling of the body after death until it matches the ambient temperatureAlkalosis - The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids. allergen - a substance that causes an allergic reaction allergic reaction - The body's exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent. alpha radiation - a type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiologic source; it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel more than a few inches or penetrate most objects alpha-adrenergic receptors - Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels. altered mental status - A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body. alveolar ventilation - The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume.