BIOD151 Module 3 Questions and Correct Answers,
Complete Verified Solution, 2024.
Two divisions of the digestive system
alimentary canal and accessory organs
seven parts of the gastrointestinal tract
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
six digestive accessory organs
teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas
mouth opening
lips
floor of the mouth
tongue
walls of the mouth
cheeks
roof of mouth
hard and soft palates
two bones and membrane the tongue is attached to
hyoid and mandible bone and membranous lingual frenulum
How many teeth are in the human adult and what do they do?
thirty-two teeth work together to tear, crush and grind food to mechanically digest food.
What are the four types of teeth?
incisors, canines, premolars, molars
incisors
two, chisel shaped for biting
canine
one pointed for tearing
pre-molars
two fairly flat for grinding
molars
three flat for crushing
What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion?
Food is mixed and moistened with the saliva secreted from the salivary glands that
contain enzymes that begin chemical digestion process by breaking down starch.
Where are the taste buds located?
Primarily the tongue but also the surface of the mouth and wall of the pharynx.
Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process
tongue grips the food, constantly repositioning it between the teeth and forms the bolus
that is pushed back to the pharynx to be swallowed.
bolus
compact mass of food formed by chewing of the teeth and reposition by the tongue.
three parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
through which sections of the pharynx does air travel? food?
, air travels through all three sections
food travels through oropharynx and laryngopharynx
What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary?
The epiglottis covers the esophagus and prevent aspiration of food and liquid.
Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food passage.
The two layers of muscle, circumferential outer layer and inner longitudinal layer,
alternatively contract to squeeze the food into the esophagus by peristalsis.
Tissue layers of the esophagus
the innermost layer is the mucosa which secretes mucus into the interior the
gastrointestinal tract, the second layer is the submucosa which contains blood and
lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands, the third layer is the
muscularis externa which is made of two layers of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers
and inner circumferential fibers and the outermost layer is the serosa which is made up
of cells that make serous fluid.
Peristalsis
the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the alternating contraction of the sets of
longitudinal and circumferential muscles.
three main divisions of the tooth
crown, neck, root
three types of papillae
filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
Which papillae contain taste buds
Circumvallate and fungiform
Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the abdomen and
diaphragm.
stomach is a backward C-shaped organ located along the left side of the abdomen and
below the diaphragm
Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach
Food enters from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits the
stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine
lesser curvature
concave, extends inward on the shorter side of the stomach
greater curvature
convex, extends outward on the shorter side of the stomach
lesser omentum
serous membrane that attaches lesser curvature to the liver
greater omentum
serous membrane which attaches greater curvature to the posterior wall of the body
two functions of the stomach
1. Temporary storage area for food, storing up to two liters of partially digested food.
2. The muscular walls of the stomach contract vigorously and mix food with juices that
are secreted when food enters the stomach, allowing food to be broken down into
smaller pieces.
The pH of stomach is 1.3 - 3.5. What is this due to and what is its source and
function?
Complete Verified Solution, 2024.
Two divisions of the digestive system
alimentary canal and accessory organs
seven parts of the gastrointestinal tract
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
six digestive accessory organs
teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas
mouth opening
lips
floor of the mouth
tongue
walls of the mouth
cheeks
roof of mouth
hard and soft palates
two bones and membrane the tongue is attached to
hyoid and mandible bone and membranous lingual frenulum
How many teeth are in the human adult and what do they do?
thirty-two teeth work together to tear, crush and grind food to mechanically digest food.
What are the four types of teeth?
incisors, canines, premolars, molars
incisors
two, chisel shaped for biting
canine
one pointed for tearing
pre-molars
two fairly flat for grinding
molars
three flat for crushing
What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion?
Food is mixed and moistened with the saliva secreted from the salivary glands that
contain enzymes that begin chemical digestion process by breaking down starch.
Where are the taste buds located?
Primarily the tongue but also the surface of the mouth and wall of the pharynx.
Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process
tongue grips the food, constantly repositioning it between the teeth and forms the bolus
that is pushed back to the pharynx to be swallowed.
bolus
compact mass of food formed by chewing of the teeth and reposition by the tongue.
three parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
through which sections of the pharynx does air travel? food?
, air travels through all three sections
food travels through oropharynx and laryngopharynx
What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary?
The epiglottis covers the esophagus and prevent aspiration of food and liquid.
Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food passage.
The two layers of muscle, circumferential outer layer and inner longitudinal layer,
alternatively contract to squeeze the food into the esophagus by peristalsis.
Tissue layers of the esophagus
the innermost layer is the mucosa which secretes mucus into the interior the
gastrointestinal tract, the second layer is the submucosa which contains blood and
lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands, the third layer is the
muscularis externa which is made of two layers of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers
and inner circumferential fibers and the outermost layer is the serosa which is made up
of cells that make serous fluid.
Peristalsis
the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the alternating contraction of the sets of
longitudinal and circumferential muscles.
three main divisions of the tooth
crown, neck, root
three types of papillae
filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
Which papillae contain taste buds
Circumvallate and fungiform
Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the abdomen and
diaphragm.
stomach is a backward C-shaped organ located along the left side of the abdomen and
below the diaphragm
Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach
Food enters from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits the
stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine
lesser curvature
concave, extends inward on the shorter side of the stomach
greater curvature
convex, extends outward on the shorter side of the stomach
lesser omentum
serous membrane that attaches lesser curvature to the liver
greater omentum
serous membrane which attaches greater curvature to the posterior wall of the body
two functions of the stomach
1. Temporary storage area for food, storing up to two liters of partially digested food.
2. The muscular walls of the stomach contract vigorously and mix food with juices that
are secreted when food enters the stomach, allowing food to be broken down into
smaller pieces.
The pH of stomach is 1.3 - 3.5. What is this due to and what is its source and
function?
