Newborn (Complicated) Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Verified and Updated

Newborn (Complicated) Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Verified and Updated What is the definition of a high–risk newborn?-Correct️️ -An infant who is born considerably before term and survive are particularly susceptible to development of complications related to preterm birth. Often classified according to birth weight, gestational age, and common pathophysiological problems. What is jaundice?-Correct️️ -Jaundice is the clinical manifestation of elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin levels. AKA hyperbilirubemia. Yellow coloring in the sclera, skin and mucosal membranes. Can be physiologic or pathologic. 60% of full term newborns and 80% of preterm newborns will experience physiologic jaundice. Explain the pathophysiology of jaundice-Correct️️ -–RBCs breakdown into components of heme and globin. –Heme further breaks into iron and biliverdin (green pigment). –Biliverdin is converted into bilirubin by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. –These reactions occur in the reticuloendothelial system of the liver, spleen and lymph system. –In the blood bilirubin is transported bound to albumin. –Unbound bilirubin in the blood can leave and go into tissues, or cross the blood brain barrier. –Bilirubin moves into the liver as it is unbound from albumin. –It is conjugated by the enzyme glucuronyl transferase from unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) to conjugated bilirubin (CB). –Conjugated bilirubin is more water soluble and easier to excrete in stool and urine. –Conjugated bilirubin is dumped as part of bile into the small intestine where bacteria will aid in producing urobiliogen (excreted in urine and feces), and stercobilinogen (excreted in feces). –Some of the conjugated bilirubin is converted back into unconjugated in the intestines and reabsorbed via enterhepatic circulation. What are the normal physiological conditions that lead to increased likelihood of jaundice occuring:-Correct️️ -1. Increased RBCs at birth 2. Decreased lifespan of newborn RBCs (60–90 days, N is 120 days) 3. Decreased ability of newborn liver to conjuga