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Theories of Population

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This document covers the brief discussion of the major population theories namely, Malthusian Theory of Population, the Demographic Transition Model, Modern Theory of Population: The Optimum Theory (Explained With Diagram, etc. At the end the effects of economic growth on population growth are disc...

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  • April 27, 2019
  • 10
  • 2014/2015
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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

Who was the first economist to propound a systematic theory of population?

Answer: Thomas Robert Malthus

2.

What is the meaning of the optimum population?

Answer: By optimum population is meant the ideal number of the population that a country should have, considering its resources. The optimum means the best and the most desirable size of a country’s population consistent with its resources. It is the right number. When a country’s population is neither too big nor too small, but just that much which the country ought to have, it is called the optimum population.

3.

Explain the four stages of the Demographic Transition Model in brief.

Answer: Stage 1: Both birth and death rates are high and population grows slowly, if at all (Europe between pre-history and about 1650). Stage 2: Birthrates remain high, but death rates fall sharply as a result of improved nutrition, medicine, health care, and sanitation. Population begins to grow rapidly (began in Europe slowly after 1650, then more rapidly after the Industrial Revolution spread in the early 19th century). Stage 3: Birthrates begin to drop rapidly, death rates continue to drop, but more slowly. Economic and social gains, combined with lower infant mortality, reduce the desire for large families (in Europe, birthrates in some nations began to fall in the 19th century and spread across the region by the early 20th century). Stage 4: Both birth and death rates are in balance, but at a much lower rate; population growth is minimal if at all (Europe since the 1970s).

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