Family Medicine EOR: Urgent Care (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct | Latest Version

Family Medicine EOR: Urgent Care (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct | Latest Version What is an acute abdomen? Acute abdomen refers to sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires urgent medical evaluation and often surgical intervention. Name three common causes of acute abdomen. Appendicitis, cholecystitis, and bowel obstruction. Describe the typical presentation of acute abdomen. Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. Associated symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and fever. What physical exam findings are indicative of acute abdomen? Tenderness, guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness are common findings. What imaging studies and laboratory tests are used in the evaluation of acute abdomen? Common imaging studies include abdominal X-ray, ultrasound, and CT scan. Common laboratory studies include CBC, electrolytes, liver function tests, amylase, lipase, urinalysis, and pregnancy test if applicable. What is the initial management of acute abdomen? Initial management includes stabilization with IV fluids, pain control, antibiotics if indicated, and surgical consultation. Describe the classic presentation of appendicitis. Pain starts at the umbilicus and migrates to the right lower quadrant, often associated with anorexia, nausea, and fever. What imaging study is most commonly used to diagnose acute cholecystitis? Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality to diagnose acute cholecystitis. What are typical signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction? Symptoms include cramping abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distention. In a woman of reproductive age presenting with acute abdomen, what life- threatening condition must be considered? Ectopic pregnancy must be considered and ruled out. How does acute pancreatitis typically present? Epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, and elevated amylase/lipase. When is surgical intervention indicated in acute abdomen? Surgical intervention is indicated when there is suspicion of a surgical condition such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel perforation, or obstruction. What are the signs of peritonitis? Severe abdominal pain, rigidity, rebound tenderness, and fever. How is diverticulitis diagnosed? Diagnose with a CT scan with oral and intravenous (IV) contrast. CT will demonstrate fat stranding and bowel wall thickening. What is the typical treatment for acute diverticulitis? Treatment is with bowel rest, sometimes antibiotics, and occasionally surgery. How might an abdominal aortic aneurysm present in acute abdomen? It may present with severe back or abdominal pain, pulsatile mass, and hypotension Name a common cause of acute abdomen in pediatric patients. Intussusception is a common cause in young children. What specific considerations should be made for elderly patients with acute abdomen? Higher risk of ischemic bowel disease and more subtle presentations requiring high clinical suspicion. Necrotic wound -> Local tissue reaction causes local burning at the site for 3-4 hours → blanched area (due to vasoconstriction) → central necrosis erythematous margin around an ischemic center "red halo" → 24-7 hours after hemorrhagic bullae that undergo eschar formation → necrosis Brown recluse spider bite Neurologic manifestations -> May not see much at bite site: toxic reaction: nausea, vomiting, HA, fever, syncope, and convulsions Black widow spider bite Describe the management of animal bites? 1. Stop the bleeding 2. Clean the wound (butadiene or 2% benzalkoniu