OCR 2023 Classical Civilisation H408/23: Invention of the barbarian A Level Question Paper & Mark Scheme (Merged

1 Where is the rock relief shown in Source A? [1] 2 How many languages are used on this rock relief? [1] 3 Name the god shown on the ‘winged disc’, labelled 1 in Source A. [1] 4 Who are the people represented by the nine figures facing the king in Source A? [1] 5 Explain how Source A adds to our understanding of how Darius became ruler of the Persian empire. [10] 3 H408/23 Jun23 Turn over Source B Aeschylus – The Persians 790–820 DARIUS: You cannot win; the land itself fights on their side. CHORUS: Fights on their side? But how? DARIUS: Their soil is lean, and kills With famine any force of more than moderate size. CHORUS: But we will send a picked force, easily supplied. 5 DARIUS: Not even those troops that still remain in Hellas shall Come safely home. CHORUS: What? Will not all our army cross The Hellespont? DARIUS: Few out of many shall return, 10 If we may learn from this day’s evidence to trust Divine prophecy, which shall surely be fulfilled To the last jot. Therefore those hopes are vain with which Xerxes now leaves behind the choicest of his men. Where the Asopus spreads his precious streams to enrich 15 The dry Boeotian plain, they wait; and there wait too Ruin and untold pain, which they must yet endure – The just reward of pride and godless insolence. Marching through Hellas, without scruple they destroyed Statues of gods, burned temples; levelled with the ground 20 Altars and holy precincts, now one heap of rubble. Therefore their sacrilege is matched in suffering. And more will follow; for the well-spring of their pain Is not yet dry; soon new disaster gushes forth. On the Plataean plain the Dorian lance shall pour 25 Blood in unmeasured sacrifice; dead heaped on dead Shall bear dumb witness to three generations hence That man is mortal, and must learn to curb his pride. For pride will blossom; soon its ripening kernel is Infatuation; and its bitter harvest, tears. 30 6 What is the ‘new disaster’ (line 24) that Darius refers to in Source B? [1] 7 Assess how far Darius’ speech in Source B explains the reasons for the failure of the Persian invasion of Greece. [10] 8* Explain how effectively Persian kings demonstrated their po