BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER
2024-2025 NEWEST EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 200
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER- S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER- Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER- -The process in which the Sun's
energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER- Cellular respiration is the process that releases
energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER- 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER- "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER- This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along
with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
,What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER- Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER- Process by which cells divide to form new
cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER- 46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER- Nondisjunction occurs
when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can form a
gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a chromosome (aka
monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
What is the law of dominance? - ANSWER- Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance - one gene
usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER- during the production of gametes the two
copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from
each parent
What is the law of independent assortment? - ANSWER- Genes for different traits are
inherited independently of each other
What is DNA biotechnology and what are some issues? - ANSWER- Use of natural
biological systems to create a product or achieve some other end desired by humans
Issues:
,-People feel it goes against the laws of nature
-People worry about the safety of it
How can lack of genetic control lead to cancer? - ANSWER- When someone has
inherited an abnormal copy of a gene, their cells already start out with one mutation.
This makes it easier for enough mutations to build up for a cell to become cancer
G1 (Growth 1) - ANSWER- Cell volume doubles and organelles replicate
S phase (synthesis) - ANSWER- DNA is replicated
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER- -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER- atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER- on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? -
ANSWER- Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The
best way to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER- Anything that has mass and takes up space
, What is an atom? - ANSWER- smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid,
gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER- Nucleus in the center that contains
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called
an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER- A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER- Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER- Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER- Carbon and
hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? -
ANSWER- Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER- Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER- Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
2024-2025 NEWEST EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 200
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER- S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER- Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER- -The process in which the Sun's
energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER- Cellular respiration is the process that releases
energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER- 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER- "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER- This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along
with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
,What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER- Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER- Process by which cells divide to form new
cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER- 46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER- Nondisjunction occurs
when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can form a
gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a chromosome (aka
monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
What is the law of dominance? - ANSWER- Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance - one gene
usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER- during the production of gametes the two
copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from
each parent
What is the law of independent assortment? - ANSWER- Genes for different traits are
inherited independently of each other
What is DNA biotechnology and what are some issues? - ANSWER- Use of natural
biological systems to create a product or achieve some other end desired by humans
Issues:
,-People feel it goes against the laws of nature
-People worry about the safety of it
How can lack of genetic control lead to cancer? - ANSWER- When someone has
inherited an abnormal copy of a gene, their cells already start out with one mutation.
This makes it easier for enough mutations to build up for a cell to become cancer
G1 (Growth 1) - ANSWER- Cell volume doubles and organelles replicate
S phase (synthesis) - ANSWER- DNA is replicated
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER- -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER- atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER- on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? -
ANSWER- Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The
best way to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER- Anything that has mass and takes up space
, What is an atom? - ANSWER- smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid,
gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER- Nucleus in the center that contains
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called
an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER- A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER- Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER- Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER- Carbon and
hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? -
ANSWER- Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER- Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER- Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
