Focus on Nursing Pharmacology II Prep U Chapter 58: Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Motility, Ch. 57: Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (Karch) - Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Secretions, Pharmacology Antibiotics and Antivirals, Chapter 52: Exam

Focus on Nursing Pharmacology II Prep U Chapter 58: Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Motility, Ch. 57: Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (Karch) - Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Secretions, Pharmacology Antibiotics and Antivirals, Chapter 52: Exam A nurse is caring for a client with pseudomembranous colitis. The health care provider has prescribed loperamide HCl to the client. How does the nurse know that the drug has been effective? - answerDiarrhea is resolved. acid rebound - answerreflex response of the stomach to lower-than-normal acid levels; when acid levels are lowered through the use of antacids, gastrin production and secretion are increased to return the stomach to its normal acidity What is the correct rationale for why the nurse would administer a laxative at a separate time from the client's other medications? - answerLaxatives may reduce absorption of other drugs present in the GI tract. 1. A priority assessment of a patient on antibiotic therapy includes questioning the patient about A. history of seizure activity. B. cardiac history. C. allergies. D. immunizations. - answerC. allergies. correct Antibiotic allergy is one of the most common drug allergies. An allergic reaction that occurs after administration of an antibiotic has the potential to cause severe anaphylaxis and possible death. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. The nurse is caring for a client with Giardia lamblia and anticipates that the provider will order what drug for the treatment of this client's diarrhea? - answerNitazoxanide antacids - answergroup of inorganic chemicals that neutralize stomach acid Defecation is normally stimulated by what physiologic trigger? - answermovements and reflexes in the gastrointestinal tract The nurse is aware that fosfomycin may be prescribed by the health care provider because of what feature that is unique among the other urinary tract anti-infectives? a) It is given one time only to treat urinary tract infections. b) It is used to treat acute bacterial urinary tract infections. c) Nausea and vomiting are the primary adverse effects. d) It is administered as an oral medication. - answerIt is given one time only to treat urinary tract infections. An older adult client has received a third dose of diphenoxylate. In addition to monitoring the number and consistency of the client's stools, the nurse should prioritize what assessment? - answerassessment of fluid and electrolyte balance digestive enzymes - answerenzymes produced in the gastrointestinal tract to break down foods into usable nutrients What type of laxative would be the first choice for a client diagnosed with hemorrhoids experiencing intense pain when straining to pass stools? - answerstool softener Which information will the nurse include in discharge teaching for a patient receiving doxycycline? A. "Take the medication until you feel better." B. "Use sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors." C. "Keep the remainder of the medication in case of recurrence." D. "Take the medication with food and milk to minimize gastrointestinal upset." - answerB. "Use sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors." Correct Photosensitivity is a common side effect of doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic. The patient should avoid direct sun exposure while taking this medication. Exposure to the sun can cause severe burns. What is an important teaching point regarding intake for anyone using bulk-forming laxatives? - answerassure adequate fluid intake GI protectant - answerdrug that coats any injured area in the stomach to prevent further injury from acid or pepsin A client has been admitted to the hospital with dehydration and hypokalemia secondary to severe diarrhea. Why might the care team be reluctant to aggressively treat a client's diarrhea by slowing gastrointestinal (GI) peristalsis? - answerThe client's body may be ridding itself of toxins. What is the definition of anxiety? - answeran unpleasant state of tension, apprehension or uneasiness a fear that seams to arise from an unknown source histamine-2 (H2) antagonist - answerdrug that blocks the H2 receptor sites; used to decrease acid production in the stomach (H2 sites are stimulated to cause the release of acid in response to gastrin or parasympathetic stimulation) During an assessment of a client experiencing diarrhea, which question is appropriate for the nurse in determining the possible cause of the diarrhea? - answer"Can you tell me what you ate the last 24 hours?" A client develops Clostridium difficile after receiving antibiotic therapy. The client asks the nurse how this occurs. Which is the nurse's best response? - answer"By suppressing normal flora, antibiotics allow proliferation of the organism." Which adverse effect can result if tetracycline is administered to children under 8 years of age? A. Delayed achievement of developmental milestones B. Neurotoxicity C. Gastrointestinal bleeding D. Permanent discoloration of the teeth - answerD. Permanent discoloration of the teeth Tetracycline is contraindicated in children under 8 years of age because it can cause permanent discoloration of the adult teeth, which are still forming in the child. A client who has suffered a myocardial infarction is prescribed a laxative to help prevent straining during defecation. Which medication would the nurse expect to administer? - answerdocusate peptic ulcer - answererosion of the lining of stomach or duodenum; results from imbalance between acid produced and the mucous protection of the GI lining or possibly from infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria Which statement by a client leads the nurse to believe that the client understands how to safely and effectively use bulk-forming laxatives? - answer"I will mix the medication with around a cup of fluid and then drink the mixture." Fosfomycin (Monurol) is an anti-infective that when administered orally is found in high concentrations in the urine, which makes it ideal for treating which of the following infections? Select all that apply: a) Pyelonephritis b) Hepatitis c) Prostatitis d) Encephalitis e) Cystitis - answer• Pyelonephritis • Prostatitis • Cystitis prostaglandin - answerany one of numerous tissue hormones that have local effects on various systems and organs of the body, including vasoconstriction, vasodilation, increased or decreased GI activity, and increased or decreased pancreatic enzyme release Which is a likely cause of diarrhea experienced by an older adult? - answerlaxative abuse What is the reason for administering a bulk-forming laxative like polycarbophil to a client experiencing liquid stools? - answerPolycarbophil absorbs large amounts of water and decreases fluidity of stools. A patient who is allergic to penicillin is at increased risk for an allergy to which drug? A. tetracycline B. cefazolin sodium (Ancef) C. gentamicin (Garamycin) D. erythromycin - answerB. cefazolin sodium (Ancef) Correct Patients who are allergic to penicillins have a fourfold to sixfold increased risk of allergy to other beta-lactam antibiotics. The incidence of cross-reactivity between cephalosporins and penicillins is reported to be between 1% and 4%. The nurse has just finished client education with a client who is being discharged home on bulk- forming laxatives. The nurse knows the client understands discharge instructions regarding these medications when which statement is made? - answer"I will mix the medication with 4 to 8 ounces of liquid and follow it by an additional 4 to 8 ounces." Diuretics - answer- Drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation - Resulting in removal of Na and H2O from body - Discovered by accident - Cause direct arteriolar dilation, decreases Peripheral vascular resistance - Also reduce extracellular fluid volume, plasma volume, and cardiac output - Work primarily in kidneys A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The nurse knows that the preferred drug for bowel cleansing before this procedure is: - answerPolyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (NuLYTELY) proton pump inhibitor - answerdrug that blocks the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells, thus interfering with the final step of acid production and lowering acid levels in the stomach Which is an important assessment for the nurse to make before administering a laxative? - answerQuestion the client regarding the type and intensity of symptoms to provide a baseline evaluation. Histamine-2 Antagonists Prototype - answerCimetidine When planning care for a patient receiving a sulfonamide antibiotic, it is important for the nurse to perform which action? A. Advise the patient to report any tinnitus. B. Encourage a diet that causes an alkaline ash. C. Encourage fluid intake of 2000 to 3000 mL/day. D. Insert an indwelling catheter for accurate input and output. - answerC. Encourage fluid intake of 2000 to 3000 mL/day. Correct