LATEST Test bank 100%Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition questions and correct answers 2024

You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to describe how they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields common themes describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type of study? - CORRECT ANSWER Qualitative study. (A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories from specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and relationships concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration of the interrelationships among variables of interest without any intervention by the researcher. An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled subject groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be generalized to similar groups of subjects.) An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I wonder if we would see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our surgical patients? What does the P represent in this example of a PICOT question? - CORRECT ANSWER Surgical patients. (Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is the cleaning of the skin, and the comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use and povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses are not an element of the PICOT question.) A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who attend a wellness clinic. As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to whether he or she wants to be in the new exercise program or remain in the traditional program. The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-report of exercise before and 6 months after the program begins. What factor might influence the results of this study in an unfavourable way? - CORRECT ANSWER Sampling method. (Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus the new exercise program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.) The foundation of research is which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Scientific method. (The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and objective of all methods of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking, and evidence are not the foundations of research.) A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a study. This is an example of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Informed consent. (Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete information about the purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential harms and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules guarantee that any information the subject provides will not be reported to people outside the research team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be interjected into the results. Anonymity means that the subject's name and identifying information would not be disclosed during the research study.) A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing skeletal traction. The nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning pin sites in skeletal traction?" This question is an example of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Knowledge-focused trigger. (A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a topic. A problem-focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient or noting a trend. The PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) format is a way to phrase a question to help clarify the question and the parts. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between study variables.) The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure injuries developing in their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality improvement project with the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model. Which of the following is an example of the "do" step of that model? - CORRECT ANSWER Implement a new skin care protocol on all medical units. (The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review, implementing the change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step includes reviewing the available data to understand existing practice conditions or problems to identify the need for change. The results of the change are evaluated in the "study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current practice.) The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily for which reason? - CORRECT ANSWER To ensure that the study subjects understand their roles in the study. (The conduct of research must meet ethical standards in which the rights of human subjects are protected. The research participants must be told about the study's purpose and procedure and their roles in the study. The researcher is always legally responsible for his or her actions. Control of variables is related to the study design, not to informed consent. Confidentiality is part of the ethical nature of research but is not the focus of informed consent.) Which of the following is a priority goal for nursing research? - CORRECT ANSWER Improving patient care. (Quality patient care is always the primary focus of nursing practice. Cost control would be a benefit but is not the primary focus. Research is not about technology; many "old" procedures can be improved through research. Although research is a professional function of nursing, it is not done to serve the profession.) A clinical nurse develops a better way to secure an intravenous access device in a patient and wants to see whether it would benefit other patients. Which of the following should be the first step in initiating a study? - CORRECT ANSWER Review current literature related to the clinical problem. (Review of the literature is the first step in the orderly research process to determine what is already known about the problem. Recruiting patients occurs later in the process, after the nurse identifies the problem, researches the literature, and designs the study. Experimenting with new nursing procedures that have not been tested or approved is a risk to patients. Surveys are designed to obtain information from large study populations and would not be a first step in the research process.) The nurse researcher who obtains new knowledge regarding a procedure can most effectively share the information with the nursing profession by doing which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Communicating the research findings in a professional journal. (Publication of research results provides other nurses with the scientific background of the study before they apply its findings in practice. Study subjects and setting should be similar in order to replicate a study. Nurses should not change from accepted to unproven ways of providing care without careful research and collaboration with colleagues. Experimenting with new nursing measures is inappropriate and may place a patient at risk.) Nurses who are new to practice can best contribute to nursing research by doing which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Assisting with data collection. (A nurse who is new to practice has not developed the experience required for research but can begin at the less complicated level of data collection. An experienced researcher is more qualified to identify problems for formal research, although input from all levels of nursing is valuable. Nurses with doctoral-level training are typically prepared for obtaining financial backing. A Canadian Nurses Association position paper cites a master's degree as qualification for preparing nurses to implement research- based change in nursing practice.)