Test Bank for Biology Life on Earth with Physiology Global Edition, 11th Edition by Gerald Audesirk-stamped

Test Bank for Biology Life on Earth with Physiology Global Edition, 11th Edition by Gerald Audesirk Table of Contents Chapter 1 An Introduction to Life on Earth 1 Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life 30 Chapter 3 Biological Molecules 59 Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function 91 Chapter 5 Cell Membrane Structure and Function 120 Chapter 6 Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell 150 Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis 178 Chapter 8 Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration 211 Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 242 Chapter 10 Meiosis: The Basis of Sexual Reproduction 285 Chapter 11 Patterns of Inheritance 319 Chapter 12 DNA: The Molecule of Heredity 352 Chapter 13 Gene Expression and Regulation 382 Chapter 14 Biotechnology 412 Chapter 15 Principles of Evolution 441 Chapter 16 How Populations Evolve 472 Chapter 17 The Origin of Species 508 Chapter 18 The History of Life 537 Chapter 19 Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity 576 Chapter 20 The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses 604 Chapter 21 The Diversity of Protists 634 Chapter 22 The Diversity of Plants 666 Chapter 23 Diversity of Fungi 701 Chapter 24 Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates 736 Chapter 25 Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates 767 Chapter 26 Animal Behavior 803 Chapter 27 Population Growth and Regulation 836 Chapter 28 Community Interactions 871 Chapter 29 Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems 908 Chapter 30 Earth's Diverse Ecosystems 945 Chapter 31 Conserving Earth's Biodiversity 981 Chapter 32 Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body 1012 Chapter 33 Circulation 1042 Chapter 34 Respiration 1071 Chapter 35 Nutrition and Digestion 1101 Chapter 36 The Urinary System 1131 Chapter 37 Defenses Against Disease 1163 Chapter 38 Chemical Control of the Animal Body: The Endocrine System 1197 Chapter 39 The Nervous System 1236 Chapter 40 The Senses 1271 Chapter 41 Action and Support: The Muscles and Skeleton 1301 Chapter 42 Animal Reproduction 1330 Chapter 43 Animal Development 1363 Chapter 44 Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport 1397 Chapter 45 Plant Reproduction and Development 1429 Chapter 46 Plant Responses to the Environment 1458 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 1 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? Chapter 1 An Introduction to Life on Earth 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Scientific inquiry is based on A) cultural biases or traditions. B) stories that are passed down through generations. C) natural causes. D) information found in a gossip magazine. Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.6 Global L.O.: G1 2) Which of the following is an example of a natural cause? A) Mice arise from discarded garbage. B) Maggots appear spontaneously on rotting meat. C) Epilepsy is a disease caused by uncontrolled firing of nerve cells in the brain. D) If you sneeze, you will die. Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.6 Global L.O.: G1 3) Science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because A) scientists are not able to study human behavior. B) faith-based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove. C) faith requires deductive reasoning. D) there aren't enough variables. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.6 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 2 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 4) Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories? A) They have been thoroughly tested. B) They are developed by inductive reasoning. C) They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning. D) They can be either supported or modified by new observations. E) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted. Answer: E Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.9 Global L.O.: G1 5) Which of these would be an example of a NON-scientific study? A) A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks. B) People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against the flu virus. C) NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development. D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. E) A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces the most sales. Answer: D Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 6) The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT A) experimentation. B) a testable theory. C) an observation. D) a hypothesis. E) conclusions. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 3 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 7) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? A) I'm going to be late. B) If I put gas in my car, it will start. C) I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery. D) I should change the battery or the starter. E) I should add a quart of oil. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 8) A scientific theory A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena. B) is an educated guess. C) is less reliable than a hypothesis. D) will never be changed. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.9 Global L.O.: G1 9) A scientific explanation that is conditional and requires more investigation is called a(n) A) theory. B) fact. C) control. D) hypothesis. E) observation. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 4 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 10) A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a A) hypothesis. B) theory. C) fact. D) control. E) postulate. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 11) All of the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT A) hypothesis formulation. B) observation and experimentation. C) supernatural causes. D) deductive reasoning. E) repeatable by other scientists. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 12) Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond well, whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should A) conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug. B) conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated. C) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment. D) discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve. E) begin work on developing a new drug. Answer: C Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1; G2; G4 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 5 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 13) Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. What was the hypothesis proposed by Fleming to explain this result? A) The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow. B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria. C) The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold. D) The mold was dead. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 14) Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control for this experiment? A) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline B) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug C) 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug D) 20 non-pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug E) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline Answer: E Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 15) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? A) Matter is composed of atoms. B) Living things are made of cells. C) Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms. D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.9 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 6 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 16) Which of the following is TRUE regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories? A) Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven. B) Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot. C) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot. D) Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are. E) Faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories. Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.9 Global L.O.: G1 17) Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization? A) Molecule, cell, organelle, organ B) Organelle, tissue, cell, organ C) Atom, molecule, tissue, cell D) Organ, tissue, cell, molecule E) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system Answer: E Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 18) Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (i.e., includes the most life-forms)? A) Species B) Population C) Biosphere D) Community E) Ecosystem Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 7 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 19) The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called A) molecules. B) cells. C) atoms. D) tissues. E) organic molecules. Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 20) Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? A) All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up." B) Living objects are composed of cells. C) Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues. D) If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 21) The experiments of Francesco Redi A) disproved that maggots and flies were related. B) disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. C) disproved the scientific method. D) used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation. E) determined that fly larvae were present in raw meat, and when left on the counter they turned into flies. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.6; 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 8 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 22) Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the jar. A) experimental B) control C) conclusive D) hypothetical Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.6; 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 23) To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the A) group receiving vitamin D. B) group receiving saline. C) average weight gain of the rats. D) 2-month period of time. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7; 1.8 Global L.O.: G1 24) Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the A) rate of reproduction. B) ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli. C) energy and nutritional demands of the organism. D) genetic makeup of the species, due to mutations. E) species' physical appearance. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 9 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 25) All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT A) environmental change. B) variation in traits within an entire population. C) mutations. D) inheritance of traits. E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes. Answer: E Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 26) Which is NOT an example of evolution? A) The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria B) Flightless birds living on islands without predators C) Annual changes in the flu virus due to mutations D) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept E) The 2- to 3-year effectiveness of most commercial pesticides in killing insects Answer: D Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 27) A mutation can be the cause for A) environmental change. B) natural selection. C) sexual reproduction. D) growth and development. E) sperm and egg formation. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 10 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 28) A mutation is a A) physical deformity, such as the loss of a limb. B) change in the DNA sequence. C) dose of radiation. D) defective egg or sperm cell. Answer: B Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 29) In a word, "evolution" means A) selection. B) improvement. C) nature. D) change. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 30) The concept of evolution is based on A) any type of genetic variation within a population. B) parents with variations that pass these variations on to their offspring. C) survival and successful reproduction in organisms with favorable variations. D) all genetic variation in a population being equally successful in the same environment. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 11 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 31) All of the following are examples of adaptations EXCEPT A) mice learning a maze to get food. B) larger teeth in beavers for gnawing wood. C) different beak shapes for birds that eat seeds or insects. D) insects that resemble twigs. E) flower coloration that attracts pollinators. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 32) Suppose an organism has an enzyme that repairs changes in its DNA. The result is a decrease in mutations. This trait would definitely influence the organism's ability to A) obtain energy. B) evolve. C) move. D) maintain homeostasis. Answer: B Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 33) The variation among individuals, on which natural selection acts, describes A) physical training and exercise. B) genetic differences. C) random occurrences in the lifetimes of individuals. D) nutritional differences. Answer: B Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 12 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 34) Chromosomes are made of A) cells. B) carbohydrates. C) DNA. D) DNA and proteins. E) proteins. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2; 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 35) A change in the genetic makeup of a species over time is called A) adaptation. B) evolution. C) mutation. D) natural causality. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 36) Adaptations include all of the following EXCEPT A) inborn migratory behavior of young birds born in the Arctic. B) reduced heart rate and oxygen consumption in seals that dive deep for long periods of time. C) larger body size in male gorillas, which fight over females. D) teaching a pet parrot to talk. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 13 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 37) Dinosaurs are not alive today because they A) evolved too quickly in response to a changing environment. B) evolved adaptations that were beneficial in their constant, unchanging environment. C) did not evolve fast enough to keep up with rapid environmental change. D) did not possess the genetic material that beneficial mutations act on. Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1; G2 38) Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms? A) Ability to produce energy B) Eat other organisms C) Maintenance and regulation of internal conditions D) Have a nucleus E) Have membrane-bound organelles Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 39) All of the following are true of all living organisms EXCEPT that they A) are made of cells. B) can grow. C) can reproduce themselves. D) respond to stimuli. E) possess either DNA or RNA. Answer: E Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 14 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 40) After you drink a glass of acidic lemonade, your body's pH does not change. This is an example of how humans and other organisms A) maintain precise internal conditions through homeostasis. B) maintain cellular organization. C) evolve in response to the environment. D) are immune to weak acids. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 41) Why do humans born without sweat glands usually not survive? A) Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaining the correct body temperature. B) Sweat glands create openings in the skin where gas exchange occurs. C) Sweating is the only way the body eliminates excess water. D) Sweating is important for eliminating impurities from the body. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1; 1.2 Global L.O.: G1; G2 42) An organism's ability to detect stimuli from either the internal or external environment is called A) natural selection. B) mutation. C) responsiveness. D) DNA. E) evolution. Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 15 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 43) You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle toward the outside. This is an example of a living thing A) maintaining precise internal conditions. B) responding to stimuli. C) reproducing. D) evolving. Answer: B Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 44) Using its antennae, the male moth finds female moths by following a trail of airborne chemicals, called pheromones, upwind from the female producing them. This is an example of how living things A) acquire nutrients. B) grow. C) reproduce. D) detect and respond to stimuli. E) maintain precise internal conditions. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 45) An organism in the domain Eukarya is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A) being composed of prokaryotic cells. B) ingestion of organic matter to acquire nutrients. C) the potential to grow and reproduce. D) the ability to maintain precise internal conditions. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 16 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 46) Why do heterotrophs require "food" for survival? A) Food is an alternative source of energy for heterotrophs when sunlight is unavailable. B) Food provides the organic chemicals needed by heterotrophs. C) Food provides at least half of the water required by heterotrophs. D) Heterotrophs cannot photosynthesize without the chemicals provided by food. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.1; 1.4 Global L.O.: G1; G2 47) The main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is A) how they reproduce. B) how they respond to stimuli. C) their ability to move. D) how they obtain energy. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4; 1.5 Global L.O.: G1 For the following question(s), choose the characteristic of a living organism that best corresponds to each statement. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all. 48) Column 1: A sunflower follows the sun as it moves across the sky during the period of a single day. Column 2: Response to stimuli Answer: Response to stimuli Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 17 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 49) Column 1: A puppy is born weighing 5 pounds and eventually becomes a 75-pound golden retriever. Column 2: Growth Answer: Growth Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 50) Column 1: At the beginning of the week, a plant is 3 inches tall and at the end of the week, it is 4 inches tall. Column 2: Growth Answer: Growth Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 51) Column 1: A paramecium moves from direct light toward the dark. Column 2: Response to stimuli Answer: Response to stimuli Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 18 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 52) Column 1: A bacterium divides into two bacteria that are identical to, but smaller than, the original bacterium. Column 2: Reproduction Answer: Reproduction Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 53) Column 1: Over time, the average neck length of giraffes has increased. Only those giraffes with longer necks survived by eating the leaves high up on the trees, and they were able to reproduce and pass those long-neck genes on to the next generation. Column 2: Evolution Answer: Evolution Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1; 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 54) Of the following levels of organization, Archaea have A) atoms only. B) molecules only. C) organs only. D) atoms and molecules. E) atoms, molecules, and organs. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 19 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 55) In evolutionary terms, which of the following cells is considered to be the most primitive? A) Eukaryote B) Prokaryote C) Autotroph D) Heterotroph Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 56) In which kingdom does a multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong? A) Protists B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Animalia Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4; 1.5 Global L.O.: G1 57) A basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell A) possesses membrane-bound organelles. B) lacks DNA. C) lacks a nucleus. D) is considerably larger. E) is structurally more complex. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 20 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 58) Which of the following statements about the Bacteria and Eukarya domains is TRUE? A) All members of Bacteria are single-celled and all members of Eukarya are multicellular. B) All members of Bacteria acquire nutrients via ingestion and all members of Eukarya acquire nutrients by photosynthesis. C) Only members of Eukarya have the ability to grow and reproduce. D) All members of Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and all members of Eukarya are eukaryotic cells. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 59) Which group has prokaryotic individuals? A) Protist kingdoms B) Kingdom Fungi C) Kingdom Plantae D) Kingdom Animalia E) Domain Archaea Answer: E Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4; 1.5 Global L.O.: G1 60) Which kingdom possesses unicellular animal-like species and unicellular plantlike species? A) Fungi B) Animalia C) Protista D) Plantae Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 21 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 61) A cell that lacks organelles is a(n) A) member of the Kingdom Plantae. B) animal cell. C) prokaryotic cell. D) eukaryotic cell. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 1.2 True/False Questions 1) Scientific theories are the same in any part of the world (meaning they do not vary by location). Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.9 Global L.O.: G1 2) Scientific experimentation generally leads to more questions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 3) A good experiment should include as many variables as possible at the same time. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 4) A hypothesis is typically stated as an "If . . . then" statement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 22 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 5) Variation among organisms is due to mutations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 6) Adaptations aid in the survival and reproduction of an organism in a particular environment. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 7) The energy that sustains life ultimately comes from sunlight. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1 8) Photosynthetic bacteria are examples of autotrophs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 9) Prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 23 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 10) Biodiversity is the total number of organisms in an ecosystem. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 1.3 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 1) All scientific study begins with and the formation of testable hypotheses. Answer: observations Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1 2) A group of individuals who are able to interbreed, regardless of their geographical location, is defined as a(n) . Answer: species Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 3) A group of similar, interbreeding individuals that live in the same area is a(n) . Answer: population Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 4) The basic unit of life is the . Answer: cell Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 24 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 5) Errors or changes in the DNA of an organism are called . Answer: mutations Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 6) The three natural processes that underlie evolution are genetic variation, inheritance, and . Answer: natural selection Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1 7) Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus belong to the domains Bacteria and . Answer: Archaea Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 8) Cells that contain a nucleus are eukaryotic, and cells without a nucleus are . Answer: prokaryotic Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1 9) Photosynthetic plants are considered "self-feeders," or . Answer: autotrophs Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 25 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 1.4 Short Answer Questions 1) Consider the observation that people taking Drug X for headaches also seem to have low blood pressure. Design a simple experiment based on this observation, and include a hypothesis statement and your actual experimental design for the study. Answer: Answers should include a controlled variable, repetition, and a hypothesis statement. Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1; G8 2) The instructions for producing and maintaining life are contained in what molecule? Answer: DNA Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1; G8 3) Evolution is based on adaptations that aid in the survival and reproduction of a species. List three different adaptations. Answer: There are many correct answers. Some acceptable answers are roots of plants that help land plants gain water, fleshy fish fins that allow for movement across a surface, and wings of eagles that aid in hunting. Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.2 Global L.O.: G1; G8 4) Imagine that in 2020 you are the top biologist at a research station studying biodiversity in Costa Rica. A young scientist brings you a sample from a previously unexplored site. She asks you to look at the sample and determine whether it indeed contains microscopic, living organisms. As you begin your investigations, you must first decide what characteristics distinguish life from nonlife. How would you differentiate a living organism from nonliving matter (including viruses and prions)? Answer: Answers should describe several characteristics of a living organism. Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1; G8 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 26 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 5) Define biodiversity. Answer: Biodiversity is the number of species in a given geographic region. Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1; G8 6) List four characteristics of living things, and give an example to illustrate each. Answer: There are many correct answers. Some acceptable answers are: Living things are both complex and organized (cells have organelles with specific organization); living things respond to stimuli (plants grow toward light); living things maintain homeostasis (the human body maintains its body temperature); living things acquire and use energy (plants use photosynthesis); living things grow (animals grow during their lifetime); living things reproduce (organisms produce offspring); living things have the capacity to evolve (bacteria have evolved antibiotic resistance). Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.1 Global L.O.: G1; G8 7) Describe at least two cellular-level differences between a photosynthetic prokaryote and a plant. Answer: The prokaryote does not have any membrane-bound organelles (including a nucleus), but the plant (being a eukaryote) does. The prokaryote is unicellular, whereas the plant is multicellular. Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1; G8 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 27 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 1.5 Art Questions 1) Which of the following is NOT a part of the community shown in this figure? A) Pronghorn antelope B) Stream C) Snake D) Grass E) Hawk Answer: B Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.3 Global L.O.: G1; G8 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 28 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 2) The "first cells" shown at the bottom of this illustration were most likely A) prokaryotes. B) animals. C) plants. D) fungi. E) protists. Answer: A Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1; G8 1.6 Scenario Questions 1) A 57-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital with an infected toe, and the infection was spreading rapidly. The damage was being caused by an unknown microorganism that could not be cultured in the lab. Doctors observed that antibiotics, which kill only prokaryotes, were ineffective. They suspected that the microbe was a fungus, so they tried the drug Amphotericin, which targets the ergosterols in fungal cells. Because animal cells contain cholesterols, not ergosterols, they are unaffected by the drug. Shortly after receiving Amphotericin, the patient improved, her infection ceased, and she was released from the hospital. In this scenario, what was the hypothesis? A) The infection will spread rapidly. B) Antibiotics will not kill the microbe because it is a fungal species. C) If the infection is caused by an animal, then Amphotericin will cure the patient. D) A microbe that has cholesterol is causing the infection. E) Why didn't the antibiotics kill the microbe that caused the infection? Answer: B Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.7 Global L.O.: G1; G2 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 29 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 2) Suppose that a meteorite crashes into Earth and a sample of it is taken to a local research lab for analysis. Embedded several inches within the rocky structure, a microscopic cluster of dormant, spore-like structures is found. The scientists culture some of this material in a standard microbiological nutrient broth, and they are surprised to find many single-celled "organisms" moving around, growing, and reproducing in the broth. The "organisms" behave the same in both daylight and dark conditions, do not require oxygen, and thrive under a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. They stop moving, growing, and reproducing, however, when fewer nutrients are available in the medium. In this scenario, the "organisms" most closely resemble a(n) A) autotrophic species of Eukarya. B) photosynthetic species of Bacteria. C) heterotrophic species of Archaea. D) nonliving virus. E) heterotrophic species of Eukarya. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 1.4 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 1.4 Global L.O.: G1; G2 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 30 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance is called a(n) A) element. B) molecule. C) ion. D) compound. E) mixture. Answer: A Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.1 Global L.O.: G1 2) If you examined the human body on a chemical composition basis, which of the following combinations of elements would be most common? A) O, C, P, S B) O, C, N, Na C) C, H, Ca, Cl D) C, N, Ca, S E) O, C, H, N Answer: E Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.1 Global L.O.: G1 3) The atomic number of an atom is defined as the A) number of electrons in the outermost energy level. B) total number of energy shells. C) number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus. D) number of protons in the atomic nucleus. E) total number of electrons and neutrons. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 31 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 4) Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, so what is the distribution of its electrons? A) The first energy level has 8 and the second has 7. B) The first energy level has 2, the second has 8, and the third has 5. C) The first energy level has 2 and the second has 13. D) The first, second, and third energy levels have 5 electrons each. E) The electron arrangement cannot be determined from the atomic number alone. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 5) Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen B) Carbon, phosphorus, hydrogen, sulfur C) Carbon, sodium, chlorine, magnesium D) Carbon, oxygen, calcium, sulfur E) Oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 6) Imagine that you have been hired as a chemist and your first task is to examine a newly discovered atom. The paperwork you are given states that its atomic number is 110. What does this mean? A) The atom contains 110 protons. B) The atom contains 55 electrons. C) The atom contains 55 protons and 55 neutrons. D) The atom is an isotope. Answer: A Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 32 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 7) Iron is an important element in human body cells. If iron has an atomic number of 26, what does this tell you about this element? A) An iron atom has 13 electrons and 13 protons. B) An iron atom has 13 protons and 13 neutrons. C) An iron atom has 26 protons. D) An iron atom is unable to become an isotope. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 8) Carbon-14 is often used for carbon dating, where scientists measure the rate of carbon-14 decay to determine the age of items. Carbon-14 contains six protons and eight neutrons. During the process of carbon-14 decay, one of its eight neutrons becomes a proton and an electron is emitted. Which of the following is the best explanation of what has occurred? A) The resulting atom has a more stable nucleus. B) The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed. C) The resulting atom is still carbon-14. D) An ionic bond has formed. Answer: B Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.3 Global L.O.: G1 9) Radioactive isotopes are biological tools that are often used to A) measure the size of fossils. B) detect brain tumors and other important medical technologies. C) build up a store of calcium in a cell. D) increase the pH of blood. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.3 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 33 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 10) For an atom to achieve maximum stability and become chemically inert, what must occur? A) Its outermost energy shell must be completely filled with electrons. B) The number of electrons must equal the number of protons. C) Electron pairs are shared. D) Ionization occurs. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 11) An atom's nucleus is composed of A) protons only. B) neutrons only. C) protons and electrons. D) protons and neutrons. E) neutrons and electrons. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 12) The formation of ions involves the A) sharing of electrons. B) gain or loss of electrons. C) gain or loss of protons. D) sharing of protons. E) gain or loss of neutrons. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 34 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 13) If a certain atom has a tendency to lose two electrons, that atom can then become a(n) A) polar molecule. B) ion. C) water molecule. D) isotope. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 14) The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is the result of A) covalent bonding. B) chemical unreactivity. C) attraction between opposite charges. D) repelling between the same charges. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 15) Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons are called A) acids. B) bases. C) covalent. D) ions. E) buffers. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 35 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 16) Most biological molecules are joined by A) peptide bonds. B) ionic bonds. C) hydrogen bonds. D) disulfide bonds. E) covalent bonds. Answer: E Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 17) Sulfur is an essential element in the human body, and studying its characteristics is important in understanding human physiology. Sulfur atoms have six electrons in their outer shell. Based on this information, which of the following is TRUE? A) Sulfur can form important molecules using covalent bonds. B) Sulfur is inert. C) Sulfur is an important isotope of hydrogen. D) Sulfur has eight electrons in its outer shell. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 18) Free radicals contain unpaired electrons in their outermost energy shell, so they react readily with other atoms or molecules to reach a more stable state. Which of the following could potentially be a free radical? A) Fluorine (atomic number 9) B) Helium (atomic number 2) C) Neon (atomic number 10) D) Magnesium (atomic number 12) Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1; G2; G4 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 36 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 19) Free radicals are considered dangerous because they A) attack the atomic nucleus. B) emit dangerous radiation. C) steal electrons from other atoms, causing those atoms to become unstable. D) damage oxygen and cause it to become an antioxidant. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 20) Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants to stay healthy. What occurs at the atomic level to explain this recommendation? A) Antioxidants prevent free radicals from attacking other atoms or molecules. B) Antioxidants cause an increase in pH, which is necessary for neutrality in cells. C) Antioxidants steal electrons, which gives cells extra energy. D) Antioxidants are inert and do not interact with free radicals. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1; G5 21) Which of the following best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds easily? A) The atom has no electrons. B) The atom has an uneven number of protons. C) The atom has seven electrons in its outer shell. D) The atom's outer energy shells are completely full. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 37 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 22) The element carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely A) forms ionic bonds with other atoms. B) forms four covalent bonds. C) shares two electrons with another atom. D) donates two electrons to another atom. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 23) Sodium (Na), atomic number 11, has a tendency to lose an electron in the presence of chlorine. After losing the electron, Na has protons in its nucleus. A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) 21 E) 22 Answer: B Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.6 Global L.O.: G1 24) Carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely A) shares electrons. B) shares neutrons. C) loses electrons. D) shares protons. E) loses protons. Answer: A Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 38 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 25) What does H-O-H represent? A) Atom of water B) Mixture including water C) Molecule of water D) Ionic bonding of water Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 26) The atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Based on this fact, all of the following must be true of hydrogen gas (H2) EXCEPT that it A) is a stable molecule. B) uses covalent bonds to form the molecule. C) shares one pair of electrons between the two hydrogen atoms. D) is a polar molecule. Answer: D Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 27) Polar covalent bonds form when A) electrons are shared unequally between atoms. B) more than one pair of electrons is shared. C) ions are formed. D) an acid and a base are combined. E) atoms from two molecules are repelling each other. Answer: A Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.4 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 39 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 28) Which of the following represents a molecule characterized by polar covalent bonding? A) NaCl B) H2 C) H2O D) O2 E) CH4 Answer: C Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 29) What type of bond is easily disrupted in aqueous solutions (one in which the solvent is water)? A) Covalent B) Polar covalent C) Ionic Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 30) If sulfur has an atomic number of 16, how many covalent bonds can it form with other atoms? A) Zero B) Two C) Four D) Six E) Eight Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 40 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 31) The part of the atom that has the greatest biological interest and interactions with other atoms is the A) proton. B) electron. C) neutron. D) innermost electron shell. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 32) Which of the following pairs has the most similar chemical properties to each other? A) 1H and 22Na B) 12C and 28Si C) 16O and 32S D) 12C and 14C E) 1H and 2He Answer: D Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 2.2 Global L.O.: G1 33) A single covalent chemical bond represents the sharing of how many electrons? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Six Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 41 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 34) Polar molecules A) have an overall negative electric charge. B) have an equal distribution of electric charge. C) have an overall positive electric charge. D) have an unequal distribution of electric charge. E) are always ions. Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.6 Global L.O.: G1 35) The hydrogen bond between two water molecules forms because water is A) polar. B) nonpolar. C) a large molecule. D) a small molecule. E) hydrophobic. Answer: A Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.6 Global L.O.: G1 36) Hydrogen bonding can take place between a hydrogen atom and what other atom? A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Fluorine D) Hydrogen E) Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine Answer: B Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 42 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 37) Which statement is an accurate description of water molecules? A) They are ionically bonded. B) They are charged and nonpolar. C) They are slightly charged and polar. D) They are uncharged and nonpolar. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.6 Global L.O.: G1 38) Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding? A) The bond between O and H in a single molecule of water B) The bond between O of one water molecule and H of a separate water molecule C) The bond between O of one water molecule and O of a separate water molecule D) The bond between H of one water molecule and H of a separate water molecule E) The bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 39) Which of the following results from a transfer of electron(s) between atoms (e.g., NaCl)? A) Nonpolar covalent bond B) Polar covalent bond C) Ionic bond D) Hydrogen bond E) Electron-proton interaction Answer: C Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 43 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 40) Which of the following results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms? A) Nonpolar covalent bond B) Polar covalent bond C) Ionic bond D) Hydrogen bond E) Electron-proton interaction Answer: B Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 41) Which of the following best explains the attraction of water molecules to each other? A) Nonpolar covalent bond B) Polar covalent bond C) Ionic bond D) Hydrogen bond E) Electron-proton interaction Answer: D Diff: 1 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.6 Global L.O.: G1 42) Which of the following is LEAST affected by the presence of water? A) Nonpolar covalent bond B) Polar covalent bond C) Ionic bond D) Hydrogen bond E) Electron-proton interaction Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.6 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 44 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 43) What happens when hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates in pure water? A) The HCl molecules separate into H+ and Cl- ions. B) The water has a decrease of H+ ions. C) The HCl molecules float on top of the water. D) The concentration of OH- ions increases. E) The pH of the solution increases. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.7 Global L.O.: G1 44) An atom of nitrogen attracts electrons more strongly than an atom of hydrogen. In an ammonia molecule (NH3), which of the following best describes the electrical charge of the individual atoms? A) The nitrogen is slightly positive. B) The nitrogen becomes neutral. C) The nitrogen is slightly more negative. D) The hydrogens are strongly negative. E) Charges balance out and none of the atoms has any charge. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.5 Global L.O.: G1 45) If a substance measures 7 on the pH scale, that substance A) has equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions. B) may be lemon juice. C) has a higher concentration of OH- than H+ ions. D) probably lacks OH- ions. E) is basic. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.7 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 45 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 46) A neutral solution A) has no H+. B) has no OH-. C) has equal amounts of H+ and OH-. D) is hydrophobic. E) has a pH of 0. Answer: C Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.7 Global L.O.: G1 47) How do buffers work? A) They soak up extra acid and base. B) They accept and release H+. C) They accept and release OH-. D) They convert H+ and OH- to water. E) They monitor the blood pH. Answer: B Diff: 3 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.7 Global L.O.: G1 48) The human body must maintain a constant pH. In the blood, bicarbonate serves as a(n) to help maintain the necessary pH. A) acid B) buffer C) base D) solvent Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 2.7 Global L.O.: G1 W W W . T B S M . W S S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) 46 | P a g e Downloaded by: RNSTORE | Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 49) Milk of magnesia is often used to treat stomach upset. It has a pH of 10. Based on this information, milk of magnesia A) is a base. B) is hydrophobic. C) is an acid. D) has the same pH as stomach acid. Answer: A Diff: 2 Chapter Section: 2.3 Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 2.7 Global L.O.: G1