NSG 251 Final Exam With Complete Solutions 2024

NSG 251 Final Exam With Complete Solutions 2024Rank speed of absorption: Po, IM, IV - correct answer-Po slowest, then IM, IV fastest Describe drug distribution in relation to protein binding - correct answer-Protein binding- Most drugs form a compound and bind with plasma proteins. Drug molecules bound to plasma proteins are pharmacologically inactive. Only the free or unbound portions of the drug acts on the cells. Protein binding allows for some of the drug to be stored and others to be released as needed. This gives the constant blood level and decreased risk for toxicity. High binding=high duration of action. First pass effect - correct answer-a phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. It is the fraction of drug lost during the process of absorption which is generally related to the liver and gut wall. Does liver failure affect drug metabolism? - correct answer-Liver failure does affect metabolism of drugs Drug excretion - correct answer-elimination of drug from the body by kidneys or bowel What are the nurse's responsibilities for drug administration? - correct answer-Right drug, dose, route, patient, time, documentation (response or refusal), reason Prototype - correct answer-The "lead agent" in the drug class. Ex. metoprolol is prototype of beta-1 blockers Federal Food and Drug Act - correct answer-accurate labeling Durham-Humphrey Amendment - correct answer-designated drugs that must be prescribed by a physician and administered by a pharmacist The comprehensive abuse and control act - correct answer-regulated narcotics and categorized Orphan Drug Act - correct answer-decreased taxes and competition that affected drugs associated with rare diseases Drug Approval - correct answer-FDA regulates the process by which drugs are researched and released to population. Clinical trial phases - correct answer-Phase I-a few doses are given to healthy volunteers Phase II-small doses are given to people with disease Phase III-larger and more representative group of patients-- drug and placebo groups Phase IV-allows drug to be marketed, company has to monitor and report adverse effects Gram positive antibiotics - correct answer-Penicillian, Cephalosporins Gram negative antibiotics - correct answer-Aminoglycosides Broad spectrum antibiotics - correct answer-Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Tetracyclines Sulfonamide contraindications - correct answer-Patients with a sulfa allergy Sulfonamides uses - correct answer-Inhibit bacteria; UTI, 2nd and 3rd degree burns Sulfonamide drugs - correct answer-trimethprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) ointment Sulfonamide adverse - correct answer-N/V/D, allergic reaction Penicillin uses - correct answer-Works on Gram+ bacteria; strep, pneumococcal pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, prevent endocarditis Penicillin adverse - correct answer-rash, anaphylaxis, neurotoxicity, GI symptoms Penicillin nursing - correct answer-watch for Allergic reaction(rash), take on an Empty stomach Penicillin drugs - correct answer-penicillin G Amoxicillin Ampicillin tazobactam (Zosyn) Cephalosporin uses - correct answer-Bactericidal(kills bacteria), Inhibit cell wall synthesis, Broad spectrum, Gram + /-(depending on generation) 5 generations of drugs( as the go up in number they become more Gram- effective) --surgical prophylaxis- SCIP, UTI, PCN resistant gonorrhea Cephalosporin adverse - correct answer-cross sensitivity w/ PCN, GI symptoms --Take most w/ food Cephalosporin drugs + uses for specific ones - correct answer-cefazolin (Kefzol) - IV, 1st generation,