EGERTON UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF MANUFACTURING AND ENERGY ENGINEERING (Y2S1)
TRAINING MANUAL
PREPARED BY KIPTOO CHIRCHIR
MENT 210 WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY (30/0/30:C.F 3.0) Y2S1
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Industrial safety: Health and safety act, safety at work (general), personal safety, workshops safety,
fire safety and First aid. Bench work: tools and measuring instrument and their applications. Bench
fitting and operation sequence. Sheet metal processes. Machine tool operations and processes: lathe
work, milling, drilling and grinding. Joining processes: mechanical joining, riveting, shrink fitting,
welding and adhesive joining. Woodwork: Nature and types of woods, methods of construction,
woodworking hand tools. Wood working machines, working principles, applications, maintenance
and safety aspects. Joinery and carpentry work.
Safe practices
Almost everyone working in a factory has at some stage in his or her career suffered an injury
requiring some kind of treatment or first aid. It may have been a cut finger or something more
serious. The cause may have been carelessness by the victim or a colleague, defective safety
equipment, not using the safety equipment provided or inadequate protective clothing. Whatever
the explanation given for the accident, the true cause was most likely a failure to think ahead. You
must learn to work safely. Your workplace will have its own safety rules so obey them at all times.
Ask if you don’t understand any instruction and do report anything which seems dangerous,
damaged or faulty.
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act)
This Act of Parliament came into force in April 1975 and covers all people at work except
domestic servants in a private household. It is aimed at people and their activities, rather than at
factories and the processes carried out within them. The purpose of the Act is to provide a legal
framework to encourage high standards of health and safety at work.
Its aims are:
to secure the health, safety and welfare of people at work;
1
, to protect other people against risks to health or safety arising from the activity of people at
work;
to control the keeping and use of dangerous substances and prevent people from unlawfully
having or using them;
control the release into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances, from prescribed
premises
Employer’s responsibilities
Employers have a general duty under the HSW Act ‘to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable,
the health, safety and welfare at work of their employees’. The HSW Act specifies five areas which
in particular are covered by the employer’s general duty.
1. To provide and maintain machinery, equipment and other plant, and systems of work that are
safe and without risk to health. (‘Systems of work’ means the way in which the work is organised
and includes layout of the workplace, the order in which jobs are carried out or special precautions
to be taken before carrying out certain hazardous tasks.)
2. Ensure ways in which particular articles and substances (e.g. machinery and chemicals) are used,
handled, stored and transported are safe and without risk to health.
3. Provide information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to ensure health and safety
at work. Information means the background knowledge needed to put the instruction and training
into context. Instruction is when someone shows others how to do something by practical
2
,demonstration. Training means having employees practise a task to improve their performance.
Supervision is needed to oversee and guide in all matters related to the task.
4. Ensure any place under their control and where their employees’ work is kept in a safe condition
and does not pose a risk to health. This includes ways into and out of the workplace.
5. Ensure the health and safety of their employees’ working environment (e.g. heating, lighting,
ventilation, etc.). They must also provide adequate arrangements for the welfare at work of their
employees (the term ‘welfare at work’ covers facilities such as seating, washing, toilets, etc.).
Safety policy
The HSW Act requires every employer employing more than five people to prepare a written
statement of their safety policy. The written policy statement must set out the employers’ aims and
objectives for improving health and safety at work. The purpose of a safety policy is to ensure that
employers think carefully about hazards at the workplace and about what should be done to reduce
those hazards to make the workplace safe and healthy for their employees. Another purpose is to
make employees aware of what policies and arrangements are being made for their safety. For this
reason you must be given a copy which you must read, understand and follow. The written policy
statement needs to be reviewed and revised jointly by employer and employees’ representatives as
appropriate working conditions change or new hazards arise.
Employees’ responsibilities (Fig. 1.3)
Under the HSW Act it is the duty of every employee while at work:
To take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others who may be
affected by what they do or don’t do. This duty implies not only avoiding silly or reckless
behaviour but also understanding hazards and complying with safety rules and procedures.
This means that you correctly use all work items provided by your employer in accordance
with the
training and instruction you received to enable you to use them safely.
To cooperate with their employer on health and safety. This duty means that you should
inform, without delay, of any work situation which might be dangerous and notify any
shortcomings in health and safety arrangements so that remedial action may be taken.
The HSW Act also imposes a duty on all people, both people at work and members of the public,
including children to not intentionally interfere with or misuse anything that has been provided in
the interests of health, safety and welfare. The type of things covered includes fire escapes and fire
extinguishers, perimeter fencing, warning notices, protective clothing, guards on machinery and
3
, special containers for dangerous substances. You can see that it is essential for you to adopt a
positive attitude and approach to health and safety in order to avoid, prevent and reduce risks at
work. Your training is an important way of achieving this and contributes not only to your own, but
to the whole organization’s, health and safety culture
Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
These Regulations lay down important health and safety laws for the provision and use of work
equipment and are designed to pull together and tidy up the laws governing equipment used at
work. Much old legislation including seven sections of the Factories Act 1961 has been replaced.
Its primary objective is to ensure the provision of safe work equipment and its safe use. Work
equipment has wide meaning and is broadly defined to include anything from a hand tool, through
machines of all kinds, to a complete plant such as a refinery. PUWER cover the health and safety
requirement in respect of the following. The suitability of work equipment – equipment must be
suitable by design and construction for the actual work it is provided to do.
Maintenance of work equipment in good repair – from simple checks on hand tools such as
loose hammer heads to specific checks on lifts and hoists. When maintenance work is carried out it
should be done in safety and without risk to health.
Information and instruction on use of the work equipment – including instruction sheets,
manuals or warning labels from manufacturers or suppliers. Adequate training for the purposes of
health and safety in the use of specific work equipment.
Dangerous parts of machinery – guarding machinery to avoid the risks arising from mechanical
hazards. The principal duty is to take effective measures to prevent contact with dangerous parts of
machinery by providing:
i) fixed enclosing guards;
ii) other guards (see Fig. 1.4) or protection devices;
iii) protection appliances (jigs, holders);
iv) information, instruction, training and supervision.
Protection against specified hazards
i) material falling from equipment;
ii) material ejected from a machine;
iii) parts of the equipment breaking off, e.g. grinding wheel bursting;
iv) parts of equipment collapsing, e.g. scaffolding;
4
BACHELOR OF MANUFACTURING AND ENERGY ENGINEERING (Y2S1)
TRAINING MANUAL
PREPARED BY KIPTOO CHIRCHIR
MENT 210 WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY (30/0/30:C.F 3.0) Y2S1
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Industrial safety: Health and safety act, safety at work (general), personal safety, workshops safety,
fire safety and First aid. Bench work: tools and measuring instrument and their applications. Bench
fitting and operation sequence. Sheet metal processes. Machine tool operations and processes: lathe
work, milling, drilling and grinding. Joining processes: mechanical joining, riveting, shrink fitting,
welding and adhesive joining. Woodwork: Nature and types of woods, methods of construction,
woodworking hand tools. Wood working machines, working principles, applications, maintenance
and safety aspects. Joinery and carpentry work.
Safe practices
Almost everyone working in a factory has at some stage in his or her career suffered an injury
requiring some kind of treatment or first aid. It may have been a cut finger or something more
serious. The cause may have been carelessness by the victim or a colleague, defective safety
equipment, not using the safety equipment provided or inadequate protective clothing. Whatever
the explanation given for the accident, the true cause was most likely a failure to think ahead. You
must learn to work safely. Your workplace will have its own safety rules so obey them at all times.
Ask if you don’t understand any instruction and do report anything which seems dangerous,
damaged or faulty.
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act)
This Act of Parliament came into force in April 1975 and covers all people at work except
domestic servants in a private household. It is aimed at people and their activities, rather than at
factories and the processes carried out within them. The purpose of the Act is to provide a legal
framework to encourage high standards of health and safety at work.
Its aims are:
to secure the health, safety and welfare of people at work;
1
, to protect other people against risks to health or safety arising from the activity of people at
work;
to control the keeping and use of dangerous substances and prevent people from unlawfully
having or using them;
control the release into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances, from prescribed
premises
Employer’s responsibilities
Employers have a general duty under the HSW Act ‘to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable,
the health, safety and welfare at work of their employees’. The HSW Act specifies five areas which
in particular are covered by the employer’s general duty.
1. To provide and maintain machinery, equipment and other plant, and systems of work that are
safe and without risk to health. (‘Systems of work’ means the way in which the work is organised
and includes layout of the workplace, the order in which jobs are carried out or special precautions
to be taken before carrying out certain hazardous tasks.)
2. Ensure ways in which particular articles and substances (e.g. machinery and chemicals) are used,
handled, stored and transported are safe and without risk to health.
3. Provide information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to ensure health and safety
at work. Information means the background knowledge needed to put the instruction and training
into context. Instruction is when someone shows others how to do something by practical
2
,demonstration. Training means having employees practise a task to improve their performance.
Supervision is needed to oversee and guide in all matters related to the task.
4. Ensure any place under their control and where their employees’ work is kept in a safe condition
and does not pose a risk to health. This includes ways into and out of the workplace.
5. Ensure the health and safety of their employees’ working environment (e.g. heating, lighting,
ventilation, etc.). They must also provide adequate arrangements for the welfare at work of their
employees (the term ‘welfare at work’ covers facilities such as seating, washing, toilets, etc.).
Safety policy
The HSW Act requires every employer employing more than five people to prepare a written
statement of their safety policy. The written policy statement must set out the employers’ aims and
objectives for improving health and safety at work. The purpose of a safety policy is to ensure that
employers think carefully about hazards at the workplace and about what should be done to reduce
those hazards to make the workplace safe and healthy for their employees. Another purpose is to
make employees aware of what policies and arrangements are being made for their safety. For this
reason you must be given a copy which you must read, understand and follow. The written policy
statement needs to be reviewed and revised jointly by employer and employees’ representatives as
appropriate working conditions change or new hazards arise.
Employees’ responsibilities (Fig. 1.3)
Under the HSW Act it is the duty of every employee while at work:
To take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others who may be
affected by what they do or don’t do. This duty implies not only avoiding silly or reckless
behaviour but also understanding hazards and complying with safety rules and procedures.
This means that you correctly use all work items provided by your employer in accordance
with the
training and instruction you received to enable you to use them safely.
To cooperate with their employer on health and safety. This duty means that you should
inform, without delay, of any work situation which might be dangerous and notify any
shortcomings in health and safety arrangements so that remedial action may be taken.
The HSW Act also imposes a duty on all people, both people at work and members of the public,
including children to not intentionally interfere with or misuse anything that has been provided in
the interests of health, safety and welfare. The type of things covered includes fire escapes and fire
extinguishers, perimeter fencing, warning notices, protective clothing, guards on machinery and
3
, special containers for dangerous substances. You can see that it is essential for you to adopt a
positive attitude and approach to health and safety in order to avoid, prevent and reduce risks at
work. Your training is an important way of achieving this and contributes not only to your own, but
to the whole organization’s, health and safety culture
Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
These Regulations lay down important health and safety laws for the provision and use of work
equipment and are designed to pull together and tidy up the laws governing equipment used at
work. Much old legislation including seven sections of the Factories Act 1961 has been replaced.
Its primary objective is to ensure the provision of safe work equipment and its safe use. Work
equipment has wide meaning and is broadly defined to include anything from a hand tool, through
machines of all kinds, to a complete plant such as a refinery. PUWER cover the health and safety
requirement in respect of the following. The suitability of work equipment – equipment must be
suitable by design and construction for the actual work it is provided to do.
Maintenance of work equipment in good repair – from simple checks on hand tools such as
loose hammer heads to specific checks on lifts and hoists. When maintenance work is carried out it
should be done in safety and without risk to health.
Information and instruction on use of the work equipment – including instruction sheets,
manuals or warning labels from manufacturers or suppliers. Adequate training for the purposes of
health and safety in the use of specific work equipment.
Dangerous parts of machinery – guarding machinery to avoid the risks arising from mechanical
hazards. The principal duty is to take effective measures to prevent contact with dangerous parts of
machinery by providing:
i) fixed enclosing guards;
ii) other guards (see Fig. 1.4) or protection devices;
iii) protection appliances (jigs, holders);
iv) information, instruction, training and supervision.
Protection against specified hazards
i) material falling from equipment;
ii) material ejected from a machine;
iii) parts of the equipment breaking off, e.g. grinding wheel bursting;
iv) parts of equipment collapsing, e.g. scaffolding;
4
