Med Surge Cardio Disorders
A nurse is teaching a middle-aged client about hypertension. Which of the following
information should the nurse include in the teaching? - ANS "Diuretics are the first type of
medication to control hypertension"
The nurse should include in the teaching that diuretic medication is the first type of
medication to control hypertension by decreasing blood volume and lower blood pressure.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports substernal chest pain
and dyspnea. The client is vomiting and is diaphoretic. Which of the following laboratory
tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply.)
Troponin I
Troponin T
Plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
СРК
Myoglobin - ANS Troponin I is correct. Troponin I is a myocardial muscle protein that is
released when there is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as early as 2 to 3 hr
following a myocardial infarction.
Troponin T is correct. Troponin T is a myocardial muscle protein that is released when there
is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as early as 2 to 3 hr following a myocardial
infarction.
CPK is correct. CPK. or creatine phosphokinase, is an enzyme that is elevated in the
presence of muscle injury. Although CP is not specific for myocardial damage, it is used in
conjunction with other diagnostic tests to support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. A
CPK isoenzyme, CK-MB, is specific to cardiac muscle and a significant elevation in this
isoenzyme indicates a myocardial infarction has occurred
Myoglobin is correct. Elevation of myoglobin indicates myocardial injury. Myoglobin levels
will significantly increase within approximately 3 hours following myocardial infarction. This
test is used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests to support a diagnosis of myocardial
infarction.
,A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is postoperative following coronary artery
bypass graft (CABG) surgery and is receiving opioid medications to manage discomfort.
Aside from managing pain, which of the following desired effects of medications should the
nurse identify as most important for the client's recovery?
It decreases the client's level of anxiety.
It facilitates the client's deep breathing.
It enhances the client's ability to sleep.
It reduces the client's blood pressure. - ANS "It facilitates the client's deep breathing."
When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the nurse should
identify facilitation of deep breathing as the most important desired effect of opioids aside
from pain relief. Following thoracic type surgeries, the client's has increased pain with
moving, deep breathing and coughing. Opioid medications help minimize the discomfort
experienced with deep breathing and coughing which prevents the development of
postoperative pneumonia. The nurse should also encourage the client to splint his incision
to help minimize pain.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has pulmonary edema and is about
to start taking furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Take aspirin if headaches develop.
Eat foods that contain plenty of potassium.
Expect some swelling in the hands and feet.
Take the medication at bedtime. - ANS Eat foods that contain plenty of potassium.
Furosemide, a high-ceiling (loop) diuretic, can cause potassium loss. The client should add
potassium-rich foods to his diet, such as nuts, dried fruits, bananas, and citrus fruits.
A nurse is caring for a client who has atrial fibrillation and receives digoxin daily. Before
administering this medication, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
, Offer the client a light snack.
Measure the client's blood pressure.
Measure the client's apical pulse.
Weigh the client. - ANS Measure the client's apical pulse.
Digoxin decreases the heart rate, so the nurse should count the apical pulse for at least 1
min before administering. The nurse should hold the medication and notify the provider if the
client's heart rate is below 60/min or if a change in heart rhythm is detected.
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has cardiogenic pulmonary
edema. The client's assessment findings include anxiousness, dyspnea at rest, crackles,
blood pressure 110/79 mm Hg, and apical heart rate 112/min. Which of the following
interventions is the nurse's priority?
Provide the client with supplemental oxygen at 5 L/min via facemask.
Place the client in high-Fowler's position with their legs in a dependent position.
Give the client sublingual nitroglycerin.
Administer morphine sulfate IV. - ANS Provide the client with supplemental oxygen at 5
L/min via facemask.
The first action the nurse should take when using the airway, breathing, and circulation
approach to client care is to provide supplemental oxygen at 5 L/min via simple facemask to
promote effective gas exchange and tissue perfusion and to prevent rebreathing of exhaled
air. The client is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, such as dyspnea at rest, crackles,
and anxiousness. Therefore, this is the nurse's priority intervention because it would helps
manage hypoxia related to pulmonary edema.
A nurse is assessing a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following findings
should be the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
Splinter hemorrhages to the nails
Dyspnea
Fever
A nurse is teaching a middle-aged client about hypertension. Which of the following
information should the nurse include in the teaching? - ANS "Diuretics are the first type of
medication to control hypertension"
The nurse should include in the teaching that diuretic medication is the first type of
medication to control hypertension by decreasing blood volume and lower blood pressure.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports substernal chest pain
and dyspnea. The client is vomiting and is diaphoretic. Which of the following laboratory
tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply.)
Troponin I
Troponin T
Plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
СРК
Myoglobin - ANS Troponin I is correct. Troponin I is a myocardial muscle protein that is
released when there is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as early as 2 to 3 hr
following a myocardial infarction.
Troponin T is correct. Troponin T is a myocardial muscle protein that is released when there
is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as early as 2 to 3 hr following a myocardial
infarction.
CPK is correct. CPK. or creatine phosphokinase, is an enzyme that is elevated in the
presence of muscle injury. Although CP is not specific for myocardial damage, it is used in
conjunction with other diagnostic tests to support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. A
CPK isoenzyme, CK-MB, is specific to cardiac muscle and a significant elevation in this
isoenzyme indicates a myocardial infarction has occurred
Myoglobin is correct. Elevation of myoglobin indicates myocardial injury. Myoglobin levels
will significantly increase within approximately 3 hours following myocardial infarction. This
test is used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests to support a diagnosis of myocardial
infarction.
,A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is postoperative following coronary artery
bypass graft (CABG) surgery and is receiving opioid medications to manage discomfort.
Aside from managing pain, which of the following desired effects of medications should the
nurse identify as most important for the client's recovery?
It decreases the client's level of anxiety.
It facilitates the client's deep breathing.
It enhances the client's ability to sleep.
It reduces the client's blood pressure. - ANS "It facilitates the client's deep breathing."
When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the nurse should
identify facilitation of deep breathing as the most important desired effect of opioids aside
from pain relief. Following thoracic type surgeries, the client's has increased pain with
moving, deep breathing and coughing. Opioid medications help minimize the discomfort
experienced with deep breathing and coughing which prevents the development of
postoperative pneumonia. The nurse should also encourage the client to splint his incision
to help minimize pain.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has pulmonary edema and is about
to start taking furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Take aspirin if headaches develop.
Eat foods that contain plenty of potassium.
Expect some swelling in the hands and feet.
Take the medication at bedtime. - ANS Eat foods that contain plenty of potassium.
Furosemide, a high-ceiling (loop) diuretic, can cause potassium loss. The client should add
potassium-rich foods to his diet, such as nuts, dried fruits, bananas, and citrus fruits.
A nurse is caring for a client who has atrial fibrillation and receives digoxin daily. Before
administering this medication, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
, Offer the client a light snack.
Measure the client's blood pressure.
Measure the client's apical pulse.
Weigh the client. - ANS Measure the client's apical pulse.
Digoxin decreases the heart rate, so the nurse should count the apical pulse for at least 1
min before administering. The nurse should hold the medication and notify the provider if the
client's heart rate is below 60/min or if a change in heart rhythm is detected.
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has cardiogenic pulmonary
edema. The client's assessment findings include anxiousness, dyspnea at rest, crackles,
blood pressure 110/79 mm Hg, and apical heart rate 112/min. Which of the following
interventions is the nurse's priority?
Provide the client with supplemental oxygen at 5 L/min via facemask.
Place the client in high-Fowler's position with their legs in a dependent position.
Give the client sublingual nitroglycerin.
Administer morphine sulfate IV. - ANS Provide the client with supplemental oxygen at 5
L/min via facemask.
The first action the nurse should take when using the airway, breathing, and circulation
approach to client care is to provide supplemental oxygen at 5 L/min via simple facemask to
promote effective gas exchange and tissue perfusion and to prevent rebreathing of exhaled
air. The client is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, such as dyspnea at rest, crackles,
and anxiousness. Therefore, this is the nurse's priority intervention because it would helps
manage hypoxia related to pulmonary edema.
A nurse is assessing a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following findings
should be the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
Splinter hemorrhages to the nails
Dyspnea
Fever
